Circadian periodicity affects the type of ventricular arrhythmias and efficacy of implantable defibrillator therapies

• Published in: Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology Vol. 32; no. 9; pp. 2528 - 2535
• Main Authors: Vergara, Pasquale, Pignalberi, Carlo, Pisanò, Ennio C., Maglia, Giampiero, Della Bella, Paolo, Zanotto, Gabriele, Iacopino, Saverio, Solimene, Francesco, Calvi, Valeria, Marini, Massimiliano, Giammaria, Massimo, Biffi, Mauro, Rovaris, Giovanni, Caravati, Fabrizio, Quartieri, Fabio, Curnis, Antonio, Rapacciuolo, Antonio, Senatore, Gaetano, Pedretti, Stefano, Saporito, Davide, Dello Russo, Antonio, Santobuono, Vincenzo E., Pepi, Patrizia, Duca, Antonio, Baroni, Matteo, Falasconi, Giulio, Giacopelli, Daniele, Gargaro, Alessio, D'Onofrio, Antonio
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Hoboken Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01-09-2021
• Subjects: Arrhythmia; Cardiac arrhythmia; cardiac resynchronization therapy; circadian periodicity; Circadian rhythms; Defibrillators; implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator; Periodicity; remote monitoring; Tachycardia; Ventricle; ventricular arrhythmias
• ISSN: 1045-3873; 1540-8167
• DOI: 10.1111/jce.15154

Introduction
Factors influencing malignant arrhythmia onset are not fully understood. We explored the circadian periodicity of ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) in patients with implantable cardioverter and cardiac resynchronization defibrillators (ICD/CRT‐D).
Methods
Time, morphology (monomorphic/polymorphic), and mode of termination (anti‐tachycardia pacing [ATP] or shock) of VAs stored in a database of remote monitoring data were adjudicated. Episodes were grouped in six 4‐h timeslots from 00:00 to 24:00. Circadian distributions and adjusted marginal odds ratios (ORs), with 95% confidence interval (CI), were analyzed using mixed‐effect models and logit generalized estimating equations, respectively, to account for within‐subject correlation of multiple episodes.
Results
Among 1303 VA episodes from 446 patients (63% ICD and 37% CRT‐D), 120 (9%) self‐extinguished, and 842 (65%) were terminated by ATP, 343 (26%) by shock. VAs clustered from 08:00 to 16:00 with 44% of episodes, as compared with 22% from 00:00 to 08:00 (p < .001) and 34% from 16:00 to 24:00 (p = .005). Episodes were more likely to be polymorphic at night with an adjusted marginal OR of 1.66 (CI, 1.15–2.40; p = .007) at 00:00–04:00 versus other timeslots. Episodes were less likely to be terminated by ATP in the 00:00–04:00 (success‐to‐failure ratio, 0.67; CI, 0.46–0.98; p = .039) and 08:00–12:00 (0.70; CI, 0.51–0.96; p = .02) timeslots, and most likely to be terminated by ATP between 12:00 and 16:00 (success‐to‐failure ratio 1.42; CI, 1.06–1.91; p = .02).
Conclusion
VAs did not distribute uniformly over the 24 h, with a majority of episodes occurring from 08:00 to 16:00. Nocturnal episodes were more likely to be polymorphic. The efficacy of ATP depended on the time of delivery.