Contributing Factors for (Non)Adherence to a Physical Exercise Program for People With Neurocognitive Disorder From the Caregivers' Perspective

• Published in: Journal of geriatric physical therapy (2001) Vol. 47; no. 2; pp. 58 - 66
• Main Authors: Borges-Machado, Flávia, Barros, Duarte, Silva, Paula, Marques, Pedro, Carvalho, Joana, Ribeiro, Oscar
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc 01-04-2024; Issues on Aging
• Subjects: Caregivers; Cognitive ability; Community health care; Dementia; Exercise; Health promotion; Intervention; Medical personnel; Participation; Professionals; Psychological aspects; Public health; Quality of life; Social support
• ISSN: 1539-8412; 2152-0895
• DOI: 10.1519/JPT.0000000000000382

To explore the perception of informal caregivers about the barriers, motivators, and facilitators toward the participation of care recipients with neurocognitive disorder (NCD) in a physical exercise program.
This is an exploratory qualitative study, including 20 informal caregivers (67.5 ± 13.94 years old; age range: 37-86; 65% male) from the "Body & Brain" community intervention project. Semistructured interviews were performed by a trained researcher; data analysis followed Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis guidelines, under the socioecological framework.
Two main barriers, 3 motivators, and 5 facilitators to participation in a physical exercise program were perceived by caregivers, illustrating the relationship between the intrapersonal, interpersonal, and community levels toward individuals' participation. Care recipients' reluctance to participate and physical environment constraints emerged as the main barriers to participation, whereas the health professionals' advice, the need for a stimulating activity, and the potential physical and mental health benefits emerged as motivators. Factors facilitating the involvement and maintenance in the program included care recipients' satisfaction and enjoyment, benefits on their general health, routine, and social connectedness; an overall positive evaluation of the physical exercise program's structure and organization was also highlighted.
Exercise interventions targeting people with NCD should promote a welcoming environment that facilitates individuals' well-being and social interaction. Caregivers have a key role in promoting care recipients' motivation. Health professionals play an important role in recommending participation by raising awareness of potential benefits to recipients and caregivers. Future interventions should be conducted in appropriate community settings and implemented by a specialized professional in small groups. These findings provide insights into the factors that may increase the success rate of exercise interventions specifically designed for individuals with NCD.