Liquid smoke of coconut shell as green inhibitor of calcium carbonate scale formation

• Published in: Desalination and water treatment Vol. 169; pp. 29 - 37
• Main Authors: Suharso, Setiososari, Eka, Kiswandono, Agung Abadi, Buhani, Satria, Heri
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Inc 01-11-2019
• Subjects: CaCO3 crystal; Coconut shell; Liquid smoke; Scale inhibitor; CaCO3 crystal; Scale inhibitor; Liquid smoke; Coconut shell
• ISSN: 1944-3986
• DOI: 10.5004/dwt.2019.24707

In this study, a liquid smoke of coconut shell (grade 3) was used as an inhibitor of calcium carbonate scale formation by applying a seeded experiment method at 80°C. Experiments were carried out in the various concentration of CaCO3 growth solution from 0.05 to 0.125 M with the addition of the liquid smoke from 0 to 350 ppm. Characterization of liquid smoke was performed by using infrared spectroscopy (IR) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), while the characterization of CaCO3 crystals was carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), particle size analyzer (PSA), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results of GC-MS and IR confirmed that the liquid smoke of coconut shell (grade 3) consists of large amounts of methanol (11.16%), acetic acid (54.15%), and phenol (15.12%). The results of scaling inhibition test showed that the liquid smoke inhibits the growth of CaCO3 crystal. The effectiveness of the liquid smoke in inhibiting the formation of CaCO3 crystal is 31%–273% depending on the used growth solution concentration and the added inhibitor concentration. The results of analysis with SEM, PSA, and XRD indicated changes in the morphology, size, and phase of CaCO3 crystal.