Protective effects of Citrus limonia oil against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity

• Published in: Environmental science and pollution research international Vol. 27; no. 33; pp. 41540 - 41550
• Main Authors: Abdel-Daim, Mohamed M., Mahmoud, Omayma M., Al Badawi, Manal H., Alghamdi, Jawahir, Alkahtani, Saad, Salem, Noha A.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01-11-2020; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Animals; Antioxidants; Antioxidants - metabolism; Aquatic Pollution; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution; Biochemical analysis; Capillaries; Chemotherapy; Chromatin; Cisplatin; Cisplatin - toxicity; Citrus; Citrus fruits; Citrus limonia; Collagen; Condensates; Creatine; Creatinine - metabolism; Cytokines; Distilled water; Drug dosages; Earth and Environmental Science; Ecotoxicology; Embryology; Environment; Environmental Chemistry; Environmental Health; Environmental science; Essential oils; Fruits; Hemorrhage; Inflammation; Intoxication; Kidney - metabolism; Kidneys; Limonene; Male; Menthol; Mice; Oils & fats; Oxidative Stress; Research Article; Serum levels; Tubules; Urea; Veterinary medicine; Waste Water Technology; Water Management; Water Pollution Control; Lemon oil; Citrus lemon; Electron microscopy; Cisplatin; Kidney
• ISSN: 0944-1344; 1614-7499
• DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10066-x

Cisplatin is broadly used in the treatment of malignancies. However, the high incidence of nephrotoxicity following cisplatin use deters its clinical utility. Former studies have shown that the essential oils, obtained from
Citrus limonia
demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. The aim of the current work was to evaluate the protective effects of
Citrus limonia
oil against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Thirty-two adult male mice were divided into four groups, eight mice each. The control group received distilled water, and the second group received a single intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin (20 mg/kg), while the third and fourth groups received cisplatin plus
Citrus limonia
oil at 100 or 200 mg/kg for 10 days, respectively. GC-MS analysis showed that the major components in
Citrus limonia
oil were
d
-limonene, 5-methyl-pentadecane, (
n
)-menthol, 3,7-dimethyl-(E)-2,6-octadienal, 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal, and nonadecane. Biochemical analysis showed that cisplatin intoxication was associated with significantly increased (
p
 < 0.05) serum levels of urea and creatine and pro-inflammatory cytokines, as well as augmented renal tissue oxidative stress. Light microscopic examination showed loss of renal architecture, atrophied glomeruli, interstitial hemorrhage, dilated cortical tubules with cast formation, and excessive collagen production. Electron microscopic examination revealed compressed and karyorrhectic endothelial nuclei with chromatin condensation in the glomeruli, accumulation of mesangial matrix, and obliteration of glomerular blood capillaries. Co-administration of
Citrus limonia
oil attenuated these effects in renal histopathological, morphometric, and ultrastructural examinations, frequently in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion,
Citrus limonia
oil can ameliorate the toxic effect of cisplatin on mice kidneys, probably through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.