NemaNet: A convolutional neural network model for identification of soybean nematodes

• Published in: Biosystems engineering Vol. 213; pp. 39 - 62
• Main Authors: Abade, André, Porto, Lucas Faria, Ferreira, Paulo Afonso, de Barros Vidal, Flávio
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Ltd 01-01-2022
• Subjects: CNN; Deep learning; Phytonematodes; Plant disease; Plant pathogen; Plant-parasitic nematode; Deep learning; Plant-parasitic nematode; CNN; Plant pathogen; Phytonematodes; Plant disease
• ISSN: 1537-5110; 1537-5129
• DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2021.11.016

Phytoparasitic nematodes (or phytonematodes) are causing severe damage to crops and generating large-scale economic losses worldwide. In soybean crops, annual losses are estimated at 10.6% of the world production. Besides, the identification of these species through microscopic analysis by an expert with taxonomic knowledge is often laborious, time-consuming, and susceptible to failure. From this perspective, robust and automatic approaches are necessary for identifying phytonematodes that are capable of providing correct diagnoses for the classification of species and subsidizing of all control and prevention measures. This work presents a new public data set called NemaDataset containing 3063 microscopic images from five nematode species with the most significant damage relevance for the soybean crop. Additionally, we propose a new Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model defined as NemaNet and present a comparative assessment with thirteen popular models of CNNs, all of them representing state-of-the art classification and recognition. The general average was calculated for each model, on a from-scratch training; the NemaNet model reached 96.76% accuracy, while the best evaluation fold reached 98.04%. When training with transfer learning was performed, the average accuracy reached 98.82%. The best evaluation fold reached 99.35%, and overall accuracy improvements of over 6.83% and 4.1%, for from-scratch and transfer learning training, respectively, compared to other popular models were achieved.
•Detect phytonematodes in soybean crops in Brazil using convolutional neural network.•A new dataset with five main species of phytonematodes from Brazil's soybean culture.•Evaluation of thirteen most popular CNN's architectures and new model (NemaNet).•Results describe NemaNet reaches best results in identifying nematodes overall.