Glycerol tributylate (Triacylglycerol tributanoate) promoted the liver lipid metabolism by cultivating the intestinal flora of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus)

• Published in: Fish physiology and biochemistry Vol. 49; no. 6; pp. 1479 - 1488
• Main Authors: Ji, Yan, Hu, Bing, Wang, Youzhen, Dong, Guifang, Zhang, Chi, Yu, Denghang
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Dordrecht Springer Netherlands 01-12-2023; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Abundance; Animal Anatomy; Animal Biochemistry; Animal Feed - analysis; Animal Physiology; Animals; Bile; Bile acids; Bile Acids and Salts - metabolism; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Body condition; Carp; Carps - metabolism; Ctenopharyngodon idella; Diet; Diet - veterinary; Diet, High-Fat; Enzymatic activity; Enzyme activity; Fatty acids; Fatty liver; Fish; Fish oils; Fish Oils - pharmacology; Flora; Freshwater & Marine Ecology; Freshwater fishes; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Glycerol; Glycerol - metabolism; Glycerol - pharmacology; High fat diet; Histology; Intestinal flora; Intestinal microflora; Intestine; Intestines; Life Sciences; Lipid Metabolism; Lipids; Liver; Liver - metabolism; Metabolism; Microorganisms; Morphology; Next-generation sequencing; Oil; Performance indices; Plants; Relative abundance; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; rRNA 16S; Sequences; Soybean Oil; Soybeans; Triglycerides; Triglycerides - metabolism; Vegetable oils; Zoology; 16S rRNA sequencing; Gut microbes; Tributyrin; Trophic fatty liver
• ISSN: 0920-1742; 1573-5168
• DOI: 10.1007/s10695-023-01268-4

To investigate the effects of glycerol tributyrin (TB) (
Triacylglycerol tributanoate
) on the regulation of liver lipid metabolism by intestinal flora of grass carp (
Ctenopharyngodon idellus
). The compound feed with soybean oil 2.8% + fish oil 1.8%, soybean oil 6.3% + fish oil 1.8%, and soybean oil 6.2% + fish oil 1.8% + TB 0.1% was added to the basal diet as a fat source and fed to the basal (control) group, high lipid (HL) group, and tributyrin (TB) group for 12 weeks. We tested the growth performance, fat content, diversity, and abundance of gut flora and other related indexes of grass carp by Soxhlet extraction, liver tissue enzyme activity, oil red O staining, and 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that the liver fat number and liver fat content of grass carp in the TB group were lower than those in the HL group, while the fattening degree was significantly higher than those in the other two groups; according to the indices such as Shannon, Ace, and Coverage, it was found that the grass carp in the TB group had the highest abundance and diversity of intestinal microflora; at the portal level,
Proteobacteria
and
Fusobacteria
were the main dominant flora in the TB group, with the number of unique OUTs accounting for about 59. 9% of the total number measured; at the genus level, the relative abundance of lipase-producing, short-chain fatty acid-associated bacteria, such as
Bacillus-Lactobacillus
and
Bifidobacterium
, was significantly lower (
p
 < 0.05). Thus, we conclude that the addition of TB to high-fat diets can alter the structure of the intestinal microbial community and promote hepatic lipid metabolism in grass carp. TB can alleviate fatty liver in grass carp by increasing the relative abundance of short-chain fatty acids in the intestine. Meanwhile, TB inhibits the conversion of primary bile acids to secondary bile acids in the host, which can block intestinal FXR signaling and the hepatic FXR-SHP pathway, thus slowing down fat synthesis and alleviating the accumulation of liver lipids in grass carp.