Contribution of Ultra-Processed Foods to Weight Gain Recurrence 5 Years After Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery

• Published in: Obesity surgery Vol. 34; no. 7; pp. 2492 - 2498
• Main Authors: Lobão, Stephany L., Oliveira, Adler S., Bressan, Josefina, Pinto, Sônia L.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Springer US 01-07-2024; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Adult; Calories; Energy Intake; Fast Foods - statistics & numerical data; Female; Food; Food, Processed; Gastric Bypass - statistics & numerical data; Gastrointestinal surgery; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Metabolism; Middle Aged; Obesity, Morbid - surgery; Original Contributions; Recurrence; Surgery; Weight Gain; Weight Loss - physiology; Bariatric surgery; NOVA; Weight recurrence; Ultra-processed foods; Food consumption; Metabolic and bariatric surgery; Recurrent weight gain
• ISSN: 0960-8923; 1708-0428; 1708-0428
• DOI: 10.1007/s11695-024-07291-5

Background
The aim of this study was to evaluate evolution of ultra-processed food intake and recurrent weight gain in patients who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.
Materials and Methods
This study is an observational longitudinal study that evaluated patients who underwent metabolic and bariatric surgery at four time points: before surgery and at 3, 12, and 60 months after surgery. Anthropometric and dietary intake data were collected through two 24-h dietary recalls. All foods consumed were classified according to degree of processing. Recurrent weight gain was considered the difference between current weight and nadir weight.
Results
The sample consisted of 58 patients with a mean age of 38.7 ± 8.9 years and 68% female. After 60 months, mean excess weight loss and recurrent weight gain were 73.6 ± 27.2% and 22.5 ± 17.4%. Calorie and macronutrient intake decreased significantly between the pre-surgery period, and 3 and 12 months post-surgery; however, there was no significant difference after 60 months. In relation to food groups or macronutrients, no difference was observed between the pre-surgery period and 60 months post-surgery. The contribution of unprocessed or minimally processed foods to calorie intake gradually decreased after 3 months post-surgery.
Conclusion
The profile of dietary intake after 60 months of metabolic and bariatric surgery tends to approach that of the pre-surgery period. The contribution of unprocessed and minimally processed foods to calorie intake decreased after 60 months, while ultra-processed food contribution increased.
Graphical Abstract