Posttraumatic stress and probable post traumatic stress disorder as it relates to smoking behavior and beliefs among trauma exposed hispanic persons who smoke

• Published in: Journal of behavioral medicine Vol. 47; no. 4; pp. 581 - 594
• Main Authors: Zvolensky, Michael J., Shepherd, Justin M., Clausen, Bryce K., Robison, Jillian, Cano, Miguel Ángel, de Dios, Marcel, Correa-Fernández, Virmarie
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Springer US 01-08-2024; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Adult; Cigarette smoking; Cigarette Smoking - psychology; Cigarettes; Drug addiction; Family Medicine; Female; General Practice; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice - ethnology; Health Psychology; Hispanic or Latino - psychology; Hispanic or Latino - statistics & numerical data; Humans; Latin American cultural groups; Male; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Middle Aged; Post traumatic stress disorder; Psychological trauma; Smoking - psychology; Smoking cessation; Smoking Cessation - ethnology; Smoking Cessation - psychology; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - ethnology; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - psychology; Trauma; Traumatic life events; United States - epidemiology; Young Adult; United States; United States > US; PTSD; Tobacco; Cessation; Trauma; Hispanic/Latinx; Cigarette dependence; Posttraumatic stress; Smoking
• ISSN: 0160-7715; 1573-3521; 1573-3521
• DOI: 10.1007/s10865-024-00480-8

There has been little scientific effort to evaluate the associations between cigarette smoking and cessation-related constructs and exposure to traumatic events, posttraumatic stress, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms among Hispanic persons who smoke in the United States (US). Such trauma-related factors may pose unique difficulties for Hispanic persons who smoke and possess a desire to quit. As such, the present investigation sought to fill this gap in the literature and examine posttraumatic stress and probable PTSD in terms of their relations with several clinically significant smoking constructs among trauma-exposed Hispanic persons who smoke from the United States. Participants included 228 Spanish-speaking Hispanic persons who endorsed prior traumatic event exposure and smoked combustible cigarettes daily (58.3% female,
M
age
=
32.1 years,
SD
 = 9.65). Results indicated that posttraumatic stress symptoms were related to increased cigarette dependence, perceived barriers for smoking cessation, and more severe problems when trying to quit with effect sizes ranging from small to moderate in adjusted models. Additionally, Hispanic persons who smoke with probable PTSD compared to those without probable PTSD showcased a statistically effect for perceived barriers for cessation (
p
 < .008) and a severity of problems when trying to quit (
p
 < .001). No effect was evident for cigarette dependence after alpha correction. Overall, the present study offers novel empirical evidence related to the role of posttraumatic stress symptoms and PTSD among Hispanic persons who smoke in the US. Such findings highlight the need to expand this line of research to better understand the role of posttraumatic stress and PTSD among Hispanic persons who smoke which can inform smoking cessation treatments for Hispanic persons who smoke experiencing trauma-related symptomology.