The Effect of Diet Composition on the Post-operative Outcomes of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass in Mice

• Published in: Obesity surgery Vol. 34; no. 3; pp. 911 - 927
• Main Authors: Stevenson, Matthew, Srivastava, Ankita, Nacher, Maria, Hall, Christopher, Palaia, Thomas, Lee, Jenny, Zhao, Chaohui Lisa, Lau, Raymond, Ali, Mohamed A. E., Park, Christopher Y., Schlamp, Florencia, Heffron, Sean P., Fisher, Edward A., Brathwaite, Collin, Ragolia, Louis
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Springer US 01-03-2024; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Animals; Bone density; Diet, High-Fat; Dyslipidemias; Gastric Bypass - methods; Gastrointestinal surgery; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Metabolic disorders; Mice; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Obesity - metabolism; Obesity - surgery; Obesity, Morbid - surgery; Original Contributions; Surgery; Vitamin deficiency; NAFLD; Roux-en-Y gastric bypass; RYGB; Diet; Insulin sensitivity; Dyslipidemia; Fibrosis; Vitamin deficiency; Malabsorption; Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells; Iron deficiency; Macronutrient
• ISSN: 0960-8923; 1708-0428
• DOI: 10.1007/s11695-023-07052-w

Purpose
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) leads to the improvement of many obesity-associated conditions. The degree to which post-operative macronutrient composition contributes to metabolic improvement after RYGB is understudied.
Methods
A mouse model of RYGB was used to examine the effects of diet on the post-operative outcomes of RYGB. Obese mice underwent either Sham or RYGB surgery and were administered either chow or HFD and then monitored for an additional 8 weeks.
Results
After RYGB, reductions to body weight, fat mass, and lean mass were similar regardless of diet. RYGB and HFD were independently detrimental to bone mineral density and plasma vitamin D levels. Independent of surgery, HFD accelerated hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation and exhibited greater myeloid lineage commitment. Independent of diet, systemic iron deficiency was present after RYGB. In both Sham and RYGB groups, HFD increased energy expenditure. RYGB increased fecal energy loss, and HFD after RYGB increased fecal lipid content. RYGB lowered fasting glucose and liver glycogen levels but HFD had an opposing effect. Indices of insulin sensitivity improved independent of diet. HFD impaired improvements to dyslipidemia, NAFLD, and fibrosis.
Conclusion
Post-operative diet plays a significant role in determining the degree to which RYGB reverses obesity-induced metabolic abnormalities such as hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and NAFLD. Diet composition may be targeted in order to assist in the treatment of post-RYGB bone mineral density loss and vitamin D deficiency as well as to reverse myeloid lineage commitment. HFD after RYGB continues to pose a significant multidimensional health risk.
Graphical Abstract