Craniosynostosis in Isfahan, Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study

• Published in: Journal of maxillofacial and oral surgery Vol. 22; no. 4; pp. 879 - 885
• Main Authors: Abdali, Hossein, Anaraki, Amin Ghanei, Mahdipour, Samiye
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New Delhi Springer India 01-12-2023; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Age; Birth defects; Birth weight; Congenital diseases; Dentistry; Endocrine disorders; Families & family life; Family medical history; Females; Fertility; Fetuses; Gender; Hypothyroidism; Males; Medical records; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Original Article; Otorhinolaryngology; Patients; Plastic Surgery; Pregnancy; Regression analysis; Sutures; Variables; Iran; Type; Prevalence; Craniosynostosis; Risk factor
• ISSN: 0972-8279; 0974-942X
• DOI: 10.1007/s12663-022-01794-3

Background
Craniosynostosis is the premature closure of cranial sutures. According to the literature, several factors are related to this disorder. Due to the relatively high prevalence in Iran and a lack of related studies in this region, this study was designed to determine the characteristics of a group of these patients in this region.
Methods
This cross-sectional study was performed from 2016 to 2019 at two tertiary referral hospitals for children in Isfahan, Iran. Studied variables included: age, sex, birth weight, type of craniosynostosis, concurrent anomalies, parents’ age, father’s job, fetus position, maternal parity, history of maternal smoking during the pregnancy, use of fertility assistant treatments, and history of maternal endocrine disorders.
Results
We had 125 infants, including 82 (65.6%) males and 43 (34.4%) females. The most common type was metopic (29%). The most common concurrent disorder was congenital heart defects (43.2% of patients). The mean age of infants was 0.62SD0.59 years. Gender distribution showed a significant difference (
p
value = 0.006). While the metopic (
n
 = 31) type was significantly more common in boys, the coronal type was female predominant (
n
 = 14). The mean age of fathers was 33.08SD5.66 and mothers, was 29.02SD5.70 with no significant difference (
p
value = 0.669 and 0.149, respectively). Other evaluated factors also didn’t show a significant difference.
Conclusion
Craniosynostosis is more prevalent in boys, especially the metopic type. Coronal type has a female predilection. The most common subtype is metopic. The most common concurrent congenital disorder is congenital heart defects.