Polymethylmethacrylate Microspheres are Immunologically Inert in Mouse Tissues

• Published in: Aesthetic plastic surgery Vol. 47; no. 6; pp. 2813 - 2822
• Main Authors: Milhomem, Anália Cirqueira, Gomes, Rodrigo Saar, Tomé, Fernanda Dias, dos Santos Arruda, Felipe, Franco, Pablo Igor Ribeiro, da Costa, Eduardo Luiz, Pereira, Jonathas Xavier, Vinaud, Marina Clare, de Souza Lino Júnior, Ruy
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Springer US 01-12-2023; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Animals; Evidence-based medicine; Face; Humans; Inflammation; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Mice; Microspheres; Original Article; Otorhinolaryngology; Plastic Surgery; Polymethyl Methacrylate - adverse effects; Esthetics; Bioplasty; Polymethylmethacrylate; Cytokines; Anti-inflammatory agents
• ISSN: 0364-216X; 1432-5241; 1432-5241
• DOI: 10.1007/s00266-022-03243-5

Nowadays, aesthetic concerns have gained attention, especially by patients looking for a less invasive alternative to minor facial corrections. Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is widely used as a soft tissue filler; the demand for this polymer has increased, and along with it, there are some reports of adverse reactions. Such adverse reactions stem from consequences of immune and inflammatory reactions to PMMA. Some animal models have been used to unravel the causes of these reactions, among other factors involving the management of PMMA. The aim of this study was to determine the immunogenic profile of PMMA implantation in different anatomical planes of mice, over up to 360 experimental days. In this study, BALB/c mice were divided into 30 groups for immune evaluation of the interaction between the organism and the polymer; 2% PMMA was implanted subcutaneously, 10% intramuscularly and 30% in periosteal juxtaposition and followed during five experimental days (7, 30, 90, 180 and 360 days after implantation-DAI). Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IFN-gamma, TNF, IL-17A, IL-10 and TGF-beta) were quantified in all experimental days. There was no statistical difference between the groups analyzed considering the evaluated parameters. Therefore, at all implanted depths, PMMA behaved inertly in a murine model.
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