Natural climate solutions are not enough

• Published in: Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science) Vol. 363; no. 6430; pp. 933 - 934
• Main Authors: Anderson, Christa M, DeFries, Ruth S, Litterman, Robert, Matson, Pamela A, Nepstad, Daniel C, Pacala, Stephen, Schlesinger, William H, Shaw, M Rebecca, Smith, Pete, Weber, Christopher, Field, Christopher B
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States The American Association for the Advancement of Science 01-03-2019
• Subjects: Agricultural land; Agricultural practices; Carbon dioxide; Climate; Deforestation; Ecosystems; Emissions; Environmental changes; Fluxes; Greenhouse effect; Greenhouse gases; Land use; Livestock; Natural gas; Pollution sources; Reforestation; Technical literature; Temperature requirements
• ISSN: 0036-8075; 1095-9203
• DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw2741

Decarbonizing the economy must remain a critical priority
Stabilizing Earth's climate and limiting temperature increase to well below 2°C per the Paris Agreement requires a dramatic uptick in the rate of progress on reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Natural climate solutions (NCS) can be a substantial contributor, while also providing valuable cobenefits for people and ecosystems. Although analyses of NCS have some differences in the GHG fluxes they consider, all include emissions sources (such as deforestation, land-use change, and agricultural practices), emissions sinks (such as reforestation and restoring degraded lands), and non–carbon dioxide (CO
2
) agricultural emissions (such as methane from livestock). Some of us have contributed to among the most optimistic assessments of the potential of NCS (
1
), whereas others have been more pessimistic (
2
,
3
). But one thing on which we agree, and which technical literature generally acknowledges, is that the benefits of NCS do not decrease the imperative for mitigation from the energy and industrial sectors (
2
,
4
,
5
). Yet this point sometimes gets lost in public-facing conversations [for example, are forests “our best weapon for fighting carbon emissions” or, more realistically, just one “piece of the puzzle”? (
6
)]. Strategies for incorporating NCS with energy and industrial mitigation in the climate portfolio should not be “either/or” but “yes, and.”