Associated factors of primary snoring and obstructive sleep apnoea in patients with sleep bruxism: A questionnaire study

• Published in: Journal of oral rehabilitation Vol. 49; no. 10; pp. 970 - 979
• Main Authors: Huang, Zhengfei, Aarab, Ghizlane, Chattrattrai, Thiprawee, Su, Naichuan, Volgenant, Catherine M. C., Hilgevoord, Antonius A. J., de Vries, Nico, Lobbezoo, Frank
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01-10-2022
• Subjects: Adult; Age; Alcohol use; Apnea; associated factor; Chronic Pain; clinical study; Daytime; Dentists; Disorders of Excessive Somnolence - complications; Female; Gastroesophageal reflux; Gastroesophageal Reflux - complications; Gender; Humans; Male; Mental depression; obstructive sleep apnoea; Pain; primary snoring; Questionnaires; Retrospective Studies; Risk factors; Sleep; Sleep and wakefulness; Sleep apnea; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive - complications; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive - diagnosis; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive - epidemiology; sleep bruxism; Sleep Bruxism - complications; Sleep Bruxism - epidemiology; Sleep disorders; Sleep Wake Disorders - complications; Snoring - complications; Statistical analysis; Surveys and Questionnaires; Temporomandibular joint disorders; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders - complications; clinical study; sleep bruxism; obstructive sleep apnoea; primary snoring; associated factor
• ISSN: 0305-182X; 1365-2842; 1365-2842
• DOI: 10.1111/joor.13354

Background
By being aware of the associated factors of primary snoring (PS) and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) in sleep bruxism (SB) patients, dentists may contribute to the screening and early recognition of SB patients with PS or OSA.
Objective
To identify the associated factors of PS and OSA from questionnaire‐based data in SB patients.
Methods
A total of 968 self‐reported SB patients (31.6% men; median age 44.5 years) were retrospectively enrolled. Self‐reported sleep‐related breathing status (viz., no sleep‐related breathing condition, PS and OSA) was the dependent variable. Independent variables were questionnaire‐based data on demographics, lifestyle, psychological status, pain and sleep.
Results
For PS, no statistically significant associated factor was identified in analyses. For OSA, increased age (OR = 1.04 [1.03–1.06]), male gender (OR = 3.33 [2.17–5.00]), daily alcohol consumption (OR = 1.96 [1.18–3.33]), depression (OR = 1.10 [1.06–1.14]), daytime sleepiness (OR = 2.94 [1.85–4.76]) and high risk of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD; OR = 2.63 [1.52–4.76]) were found to be significant risk factors, while high risk of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) pain (OR = 0.51 [0.30–0.86]) and chronic pain (OR = 0.73 [0.59–0.90]) were significant protective factors. These results were confirmed in the subsequent network analysis.
Conclusion
Within the limitations of this study, no associated factor is identified for PS. For OSA, dentists should keep in mind that increased age, male gender, daily alcohol consumption, depression, daytime sleepiness and high GERD risk are associated with increased OSA risk in SB patients, while high TMD‐pain risk and chronic pain are associated with decreased OSA risk in this population.