Designing a message for public education regarding stroke : Does FAST capture enough stroke?

• Published in: Stroke (1970) Vol. 38; no. 10; pp. 2864 - 2868
• Main Authors: KLEINDORFER, Dawn O, MILLER, Rosie, MOOMAW, Charles J, ALWELL, Kathleen, BRODERICK, Joseph P, KHOURY, Jane, WOO, Daniel, FLAHERTY, Matthew L, ZAKARIA, Tarek, KISSELA, Brett M
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Hagerstown, MD Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 01-10-2007
• Subjects: American Heart Association; Biological and medical sciences; Blood. Blood coagulation. Reticuloendothelial system; Brain Ischemia - diagnosis; Brain Ischemia - mortality; Cerebral Hemorrhage - diagnosis; Cerebral Hemorrhage - mortality; Decision Making; Emergency Medical Services - statistics & numerical data; Emergency Service, Hospital - statistics & numerical data; Headache. Facial pains. Syncopes. Epilepsia. Intracranial hypertension. Brain oedema. Cerebral palsy; Health Education - methods; Humans; Ischemic Attack, Transient - diagnosis; Ischemic Attack, Transient - mortality; Medical sciences; Nervous system (semeiology, syndromes); Neurology; Pharmacology. Drug treatments; Prospective Studies; Stroke - diagnosis; Stroke - mortality; Vascular diseases and vascular malformations of the nervous system; Vascular disease; symptoms; Stroke; Nervous system diseases; acute stroke; Central nervous system disease; Cardiovascular disease; Epidemiology; Cerebrovascular disease; Cerebral disorder
• ISSN: 0039-2499; 1524-4628
• DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.484329

Previous studies have shown poor public knowledge of stroke warning signs. The current public education message adopted by the American Heart Association lists 5 stroke warning signs ("suddens"). Another message called FAST (face, arm, speech, time) could be easier to remember, but it does not contain as many stroke symptoms. We sought to assess the percentage of stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA) patients identified by both public awareness messages by examining presenting symptoms of all stroke/TIA patients from a large, biracial population in 1999.
Cases of stroke who presented to an emergency department or were directly admitted were ascertained at all local hospitals by screening of ICD-9 codes 430 to 436, and prospective screening of emergency department admission logs, in 1999. Study nurses abstracted initial presenting symptoms from the medical record. All-cause 30-day case-fatality was calculated.
During 1999, 3498 stroke/TIA patients (17% black, 56% female) presented to an emergency department. Of these events, 11.1% had presenting symptoms not included in FAST, whereas 0.1% had presenting symptoms not included in the suddens. The FAST message performed much better for ischemic stroke and TIA than for hemorrhage, missing 8.9% of the ischemic strokes and 8.2% of the TIAs, versus 30.6% of intracerebral hemorrhage/subarachnoid hemorrhage cases. Case-fatality in patients missed by FAST was similar to patients with FAST symptoms (9.0% versus 11.6%, P=0.15).
Within our population, we found that the FAST message identified 88.9% of stroke/TIA patients. The FAST message performed better for ischemic stroke and TIA than for hemorrhagic stroke. Whether the FAST message is easier to recall for the public than the "suddens" message has yet to be determined.