Structure control of heteroatoms’ self-doped porous carbon materials derived from cyclomatrix polyphosphazene for high-performance supercapacitor application

• Published in: Ionics Vol. 28; no. 8; pp. 3985 - 3999
• Main Authors: Zou, Wenqi, Zhang, Shuangkun, Ali, Zahid, Miao, Zhenwei, Abbas, Yasir, Liu, Wei, Qiu, Munan, Wu, Zhanpeng
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01-08-2022; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Carbon; Chemistry; Chemistry and Materials Science; Condensed Matter Physics; Crosslinking; Current density; Electrochemical analysis; Electrochemistry; Energy Storage; Nitrogen; Optical and Electronic Materials; Original Paper; Polyphosphazenes; Porous materials; Renewable and Green Energy; Specific surface; Surface area; Synergistic effect; Wettability; Supercapacitor; Polyphosphazene; Hyper-cross-link; Carbon; Heteroatom doping
• ISSN: 0947-7047; 1862-0760
• DOI: 10.1007/s11581-022-04601-8

Particular precursors with controllable micromorphology and unique element composition were prepared by hyper-cross-linked (naphthoxylic/trifluoroethoxylic) cyclotriphosphazenes (NTFCP
n
). The hyper-cross-linked NTFCP
n
displayed certain porous structure and large specific surface area which benefit to the electrochemical performance of derived carbon materials. The structure and electrochemical properties of multi-heteroatom-doped porous carbons were optimized by adjusting the side group ratio of NTFCP and the carbonization temperature. The obtained carbon material cNTFCP65-600 possessed a large specific surface area up to 2006 m
2
/g with high proportion of mesopores (25%). Meanwhile, the synergistic effects of improved surface wettability and rich active sites by oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorous doping rendered the cNTFCP65-600 with excellent electrochemical performance. In the two-electrode system, cNTFCP65-600 with a nitrogen content of 4.82% exhibited high specific capacitance of 412 F/g at the current density of 0.1 A/g, and maintained 264 F/g at current density of 20 A/g.