Electrochemical determination of carbendazim in grapes and their derivatives by an ionic liquid-modified carbon paste electrode

• Published in: Journal of applied electrochemistry Vol. 52; no. 4; pp. 729 - 742
• Main Authors: de Macedo, José Fernando, Alves, Anderson A. C., Sant’Anna, Mércia V. S., Cunha, Frederico G. C., Oliveira, Gerlon de A. R., Lião, Luciano M., Sussuchi, Eliana Midori
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Dordrecht Springer Netherlands 01-04-2022; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Adsorptivity; Carbon; Chemical sensors; Chemistry; Chemistry and Materials Science; Electrochemistry; Electrodes; Grapes; Industrial Chemistry/Chemical Engineering; Ionic liquids; Ions; Pesticides; Physical Chemistry; Reproducibility; Research Article; Sensors; Synthesis; Voltammetry; Carbamates; Protic ionic liquid; Modified electrode; Grape
• ISSN: 0021-891X; 1572-8838
• DOI: 10.1007/s10800-021-01665-8

A novel electrochemical sensor containing an ionic liquid carbon paste electrode was synthesized to determine carbendazim in grape samples. The 2-hydroxy ethylammonium acetate (2-HEAA) was used as a modifier in the paste for electrode fabrication (2-HEAA-CPE), conferring higher detectability of the analyte compared to the unmodified electrode. The electrode was characterized by cyclic voltammetry in which the carbon paste electrode containing 10% of 2-hydroxy ethylammonium acetate (2-HEAA) was selected for the determination of carbendazim by Adsorptive Differential Pulse Stripping Voltammetry (AdDPSV). In optimal conditions for AdDPSV of carbendazim, the Dynamic Linear Response (DLR) of the method ranged from 0.009 to 0.476 µmol L
−1
, whereas the limits of detection and quantification were 1.69 nmol L
−1
and 5.63 nmol L
−1
, respectively. The repeatability and reproducibility of the method produced relative standard deviations of 5.96% and 5.63%, respectively, and the recovery ranged from 89.0 to 100.6%, indicating the method can be successfully applied to determine CBZ in wine, grape mash, and grape juice. The synthesis of the electrode only takes a few steps and requires a simple pretreatment, making it a promising alternative to detecting pesticide residues in food samples.
Graphical abstract
The modified PIL electrode containing 2-hydroxy ethylammonium acetate (2-HEAA), which requires a fast and low-cost synthesis, showed good results for the determination of the carbendazim at small concentrations (nmol L-1) in industrialized wine, grape mash, and juice samples