An optical 2-to-4 decoder based on photonic crystal X-shaped resonators covered by graphene shells

• Published in: Optical and quantum electronics Vol. 55; no. 5
• Main Authors: Nayyeri Raad, Ali, Saghaei, Hamed, Mehrabani, Yavar Safaei
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Springer US 01-05-2023; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Characterization and Evaluation of Materials; Computer Communication Networks; Electric fields; Electrical Engineering; Graphene; Lasers; Optical communication; Optical Devices; Optics; Photonic crystals; Photonics; Physics; Physics and Astronomy; Plane waves; Resonators; Rods; Time domain analysis; Transmission efficiency; Waveguides; Finite-difference time-domain method; Resonator; Photonic crystal; Graphene; Plane-wave expansion method; Optical decoder
• ISSN: 0306-8919; 1572-817X
• DOI: 10.1007/s11082-023-04727-7

This paper presents a novel design of a high-speed optical 2-to-4 decoder based on the photonic crystal (PhC) composed of silicon rods. The proposed structure consists of three inputs (one for enable and two for decoder inputs), three PhC X-shaped resonators, several waveguides, and four outputs. Each resonator includes silica rods covered by graphene shells. The plane-wave expansion (PWE) method is used to calculate the band structure of the fundamental PhC. The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is applied to compute optical light’s transmission efficiency and electric field distribution inside the designed decoder. We demonstrate that the proposed decoder can operate in the third communication window, ranging from 1530 to 1565 nm. The numerical results reveal that the normalized transmission values less than 30% and greater than 50% are supposed to be logics 0 and 1, respectively. The decoder’s maximum delay and total footprint are 2.5 ps and 690 µm
2
, respectively. Thus, due to the decoder’s relatively simple and low-cost fabrication and its applications in photonics-based systems, the proposed device can be used in optical communications and networking.