Multifunctional Nanotheranostics for Overcoming the Blood–Brain Barrier

• Published in: Advanced functional materials Vol. 34; no. 19
• Main Authors: Beygi, Mohammad, Oroojalian, Fatemeh, Azizi‐Arani, Soheil, Hosseini, Seyed Samad, Mokhtarzadeh, Ahad, Kesharwani, Prashant, Sahebkar, Amirhossein
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Hoboken Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01-05-2024
• Subjects: Blood-brain barrier; Central nervous system; CNS disorders; drug delivery; Endothelial cells; multifunctional nanotheranostics; nanotechnology; Side effects; Signs and symptoms
• ISSN: 1616-301X; 1616-3028
• DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202310881

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a tailored system of capillary endothelial cells intermixed with tight junctions and adherent junctions that regulates the transport of various materials and substances between the blood vasculature and the central nervous system (CNS). However, in cases of brain diseases, BBB's protective and regulatory effects hamper therapeutics from reaching affected sites in sufficient quantities. This has so far been a leading challenge in treating CNS diseases and disorders. For this problem to be overcome, recent research has sought to develop novel modalities to achieve efficient therapy and alleviate associated symptoms. Therefore, numerous strategies have operated in recent years to address the limitations of traditional and invasive methods, including poor brain penetration and serious side effects. As a desperately in‐demand technology, nanotheranostics has particularly shown promising results. Herein, this review reports recent advancements in CNS nanotheranostics and novel techniques and nanotechnology‐based strategies developed for treating neurodegenerative disorders. The study provides comprehensive data on the subject to be used for future studies for the therapy and management of CNS disorders and diseases.
Brain nanotheranostics offer versatile and multifunctional platforms to traverse the blood‐brain barrier and blood–brain tumor barrier for the early diagnosis and treatment of CNS diseases and disorders.