Essential Oils for Food Application: Natural Substances with Established Biological Activities

• Published in: Food and bioprocess technology Vol. 11; no. 1; pp. 43 - 71
• Main Authors: Ribeiro-Santos, Regiane, Andrade, Mariana, Sanches-Silva, Ana, de Melo, Nathália Ramos
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Springer US 2018; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Additives; Agriculture; Antioxidants; Biotechnology; Chemical composition; Chemistry; Chemistry and Materials Science; Chemistry/Food Science; Distillation; Essential oils; Food; Food industry; Food processing industry; Food Science; Microorganisms; Natural products; Oils & fats; Oxidation; Plant extracts; Review; Shelf life; Spoilage; Steam distillation; Volatile compounds; Gas chromatography; Analytical methods; Additives; Volatile compounds; DPPH
• ISSN: 1935-5130; 1935-5149
• DOI: 10.1007/s11947-017-1948-6

Essential oils (EOs) are natural products obtained from aromatic plants. Steam distillation and hydrodistillation are the most commonly used methods for the extraction of EOs at laboratory scale. They have been widely studied due to their potential in the food industry. EO can be used in food in order to prolong the shelf-life, and additionally, they can reduce or replace synthetics additives. Their effectiveness can be confirmed in antimicrobial and antioxidant tests performed, in general, by diffusion test in agar and DPPH
•
assay, respectively. Volatile compounds are present in EOs, a role in their biological activities. In this line of thought, chromatography techniques can be applied to identify the main volatile compounds present in EOs. In general, EOs extend food stability during storage, inhibiting the growth of spoilage or pathogenic microorganisms and protecting against oxidation. It is important to evaluate the responsible compounds for the biological activities of EOs and determine their utilization limits, including their safety. Highly variable composition with source species, plant parts, and/or extraction methods appears to play important roles in the variability of EO biological activities. This review provides a concise and critical insight in the use of EOs with emphasis in food applications.