Clinical Significance of HMGB1 and Autophagy‐Related Genes in Sinonasal Inverted Papilloma

• Published in: The Laryngoscope Vol. 134; no. 9; pp. 3941 - 3946
• Main Authors: Zi, Jiajia, Wei, Zhaoxia, Wang, Lin, Yan, Xudong, Zhang, Shengnan, Zhao, Lijuan, Li, Danyang, Dong, Zihui, Yu, Longgang, Jiang, Yan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Hoboken, USA John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01-09-2024; Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
• Subjects: Adult; Aged; Autophagy; Autophagy - genetics; Autophagy-Related Protein 5 - genetics; Autophagy-Related Protein 5 - metabolism; Beclin-1 - genetics; Beclin-1 - metabolism; Case-Control Studies; Clinical Relevance; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; HMGB1; HMGB1 Protein - genetics; HMGB1 Protein - metabolism; Humans; Male; Microtubule-Associated Proteins - genetics; Microtubule-Associated Proteins - metabolism; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Staging; Papilloma, Inverted - genetics; Papilloma, Inverted - metabolism; Papilloma, Inverted - pathology; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms - genetics; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms - metabolism; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms - pathology; Sinonasal inverted papilloma; Sinonasal inverted papilloma; autophagy; HMGB1
• ISSN: 0023-852X; 1531-4995; 1531-4995
• DOI: 10.1002/lary.31416

Objectives
Sinonasal inverted papilloma (SNIP) is a noncancerous tumor that develops in the mucous membrane of the nasal sinuses. Many malignancies are tightly linked to autophagy, an intracellular self‐degradation mechanism. HMGB1 has demonstrated its ability to modulate autophagy in many pathological conditions. This work investigates how HMGB1 and other genes involved in autophagy contribute to SNIP.
Material and Methods
The study included 45 patients with SNIP and a control group consisting of 28 individuals. In each group, qPCR was employed to examine the mRNA expression levels of genes correlated with autophagy and HMGB1. HMGB1 and genes associated with autophagy were examined for protein expression levels via Western Blot and immunohistochemical staining assays. At the same time, the association between HMGB1 and genes involved in autophagy was discovered through correlation analysis. Furthermore, Krouse staging was utilized for investigating the expression levels of HMGB1 and other autophagy‐related genes at various stages in clinically staged SNIP patients.
Results
LC3B, ATG5, and Beclin1 autophagy‐related genes and HMGB1 were substantially expressed in SNIP. Additionally, there was a positive correlation between HMGB1 and these genes. During various phases of SNIP, the levels of HMGB1 expression and autophagy‐related genes were notably elevated at stage T4 compared with stage T2.
Conclusion
Clinical staging in SNIP is correlated with HMGB1 expression in conjunction with autophagy‐related genes LC3B, ATG5, and Beclin1, suggesting the possibility of novel prognostic indicators.
Level of Evidence
NA Laryngoscope, 134:3941–3946, 2024
Among the several phases of SNIP, the late stage exhibited a considerable increase in the expression of autophagy‐related genes and HMGB1 in comparison with the early stage. At various phases, HMGB1 and genes linked to autophagy may provide novel prediction targets for SNIP.