Evaluating the performance of the HEART score in a Tanzanian emergency department

• Published in: Academic emergency medicine Vol. 31; no. 4; pp. 361 - 370
• Main Authors: Grisel, Braylee, Adisa, Olanrewaju, Sakita, Francis M., Tarimo, Tumsifu G., Kweka, Godfrey L., Mlangi, Jerome J., Maro, Amedeus V., Yamamoto, Marilyn, Coaxum, Lauren, Arthur, David, Limkakeng, Alexander T., Hertz, Julian T.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01-04-2024
• Subjects: Acute Coronary Syndrome - diagnosis; Adult; Aged; Chest Pain - diagnosis; Chest Pain - etiology; Clinical decision making; Developing countries; Electrocardiography; Emergency medical care; Emergency Service, Hospital; Health risks; Heart attacks; Humans; LDCs; Middle Aged; Myocardial Infarction - diagnosis; Pain; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Tanzania; Tanzania
• ISSN: 1069-6563; 1553-2712
• DOI: 10.1111/acem.14872

Objective
The HEART score successfully risk stratifies emergency department (ED) patients with chest pain in high‐income settings. However, this tool has not been validated in low‐income countries.
Methods
This is a secondary analysis of a prospective observational study that was conducted in a Tanzanian ED from January 2019 through January 2023. Adult patients with chest pain were consecutively enrolled, and their presenting symptoms and medical history were recorded. Electrocardiograms and point‐of‐care troponin assays were obtained for all participants. Thirty‐day follow‐up was conducted, assessing for major adverse cardiac events (MACEs), defined as death, myocardial infarction, or coronary revascularization (coronary artery bypass grafting or percutaneous coronary intervention). HEART scores were calculated for all participants. Likelihood ratios, sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive values (NPVs) were calculated for each HEART cutoff score to predict 30‐day MACEs, and area under the curve (AUC) was calculated from the receiver operating characteristic curve.
Results
Of 927 participants with chest pain, the median (IQR) age was 61 (45.5–74.0) years. Of participants, 216 (23.3%) patients experienced 30‐day MACEs, including 163 (17.6%) who died, 48 (5.2%) with myocardial infarction, and 23 (2.5%) with coronary revascularization. The positive likelihood ratio for each cutoff score ranged from 1.023 (95% CI 1.004–1.042; cutoff ≥ 1) to 3.556 (95% CI 1.929–6.555; cutoff ≥ 7). The recommended cutoff of ≥4 to identify patients at high risk of MACEs yielded a sensitivity of 59.4%, specificity of 52.8%, and NPV of 74.7%. The AUC was 0.61.
Conclusions
Among patients with chest pain in a Tanzanian ED, the HEART score did not perform as well as in high‐income settings. Locally validated risk stratification tools are needed for ED patients with chest pain in low‐income countries.