Efficient solid rocket propulsion for access to space

• Published in: Acta astronautica Vol. 66; no. 11; pp. 1563 - 1573
• Main Authors: Maggi, Filippo, Bandera, Alessio, Galfetti, Luciano, De Luca, Luigi T., Jackson, Thomas L.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Ltd 01-06-2010
• Subjects: Agglomeration; Aluminum; Heterogeneity; Pair correlation; Solid propulsion; Pair correlation; Heterogeneity; Solid propulsion; Agglomeration; Aluminum
• ISSN: 0094-5765; 1879-2030
• DOI: 10.1016/j.actaastro.2009.10.012

Space launch activity is expected to grow in the next few years in order to follow the current trend of space exploitation for business purpose. Granting high specific thrust and volumetric specific impulse, and counting on decades of intense development, solid rocket propulsion is a good candidate for commercial access to space, even with common propellant formulations. Yet, some drawbacks such as low theoretical specific impulse, losses as well as safety issues, suggest more efficient propulsion systems, digging into the enhancement of consolidated techniques.
Focusing the attention on delivered specific impulse, a consistent fraction of losses can be ascribed to the multiphase medium inside the nozzle which, in turn, is related to agglomeration; a reduction of agglomerate size is likely. The present paper proposes a model based on heterogeneity characterization capable of describing the agglomeration trend for a standard aluminized solid propellant formulation. Material microstructure is characterized through the use of two statistical descriptors (pair correlation function and near-contact particles) looking at the mean metal pocket size inside the bulk. Given the real formulation and density of a propellant, a packing code generates the material representative which is then statistically analyzed. Agglomerate predictions are successfully contrasted to experimental data at 5
bar for four different formulations.