The resolvin D2 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid as a new possible therapeutic approach for inflammatory bowel diseases

• Published in: Scientific reports Vol. 14; no. 1; pp. 28698 - 13
• Main Authors: Chaim, Fabio Henrique Mendonça, Pascoal, Lívia Bitencourt, de Castro, Marina Moreira, Palma, Bruna Biazon, Rodrigues, Bruno Lima, Fagundes, João José, Milanski, Marciane, Lopes, Luiz Roberto, Leal, Raquel Franco
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 20-11-2024; Nature Publishing Group; Nature Portfolio
• Subjects: 631/250/127; 631/250/256; 692/699/249/2510; Biosynthesis; Chronic inflammation; Colitis; Dextran; Dextran sulfate; Fatty acid; Fatty acids; Humanities and Social Sciences; Inflammation; Inflammatory bowel disease; Inflammatory bowel diseases; Inflammatory diseases; Intestine; Molecular modelling; multidisciplinary; Omega-3; Pathophysiology; Phospholipase A2; Polyunsaturated fatty acids; Pro-resolving lipid mediators; Resolvins; Science; Science (multidisciplinary); Tumor necrosis factor-α; Inflammatory bowel disease; Pro-resolving lipid mediators; Omega-3; Resolvins; Chronic inflammation; Fatty acid
• ISSN: 2045-2322; 2045-2322
• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-80051-8

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are idiopathic disorders characterized by chronic gastrointestinal inflammation. Given conventional therapies’ adverse effects and clinical failures, novel approaches are being investigated. Recent studies have highlighted the role of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) in the active resolution of chronic inflammation. In this regard, omega-3 fatty acid-derived Resolvin D2 (RvD2) appears to play a protective role in the pathophysiology of IBD. Therefore, we characterized the RvD2 pathway and its receptor expression in the intestinal mucosa of experimental colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium. We also evaluated the preventive impact of an omega-3-enriched diet and the therapeutic efficacy of RvD2 compared with anti-TNF-α treatment. We found an increase in TNFα and IL22 expression and decreased levels of enzymes involved in RvD2 biosynthesis, such as PLA
2
, 15-LOX, 5-LOX, and its receptor GPR18 in experimental colitis. Omega-3 supplementation reduced the Disease Activity Index (DAI), weight loss, colonic shortening, and inflammation. These results and the increased IL-10 transcriptional levels after RvD2 treatment suggest that this mediator attenuated experimental colitis. These results enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the exacerbated inflammatory response present in experimental colitis and suggest that RvD2 and its omega-3 precursor offer a promising therapeutic approach for IBD.