Design and Preliminary Evaluation of Automated Sweetpotato Sorting Mechanisms

• Published in: AgriEngineering Vol. 6; no. 3; pp. 3058 - 3069
• Main Authors: Xu, Jiajun, Lu, Yuzhen
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01-09-2024
• Subjects: Accuracy; Actuators; Automation; Citrus fruits; Configuration management; Conveyor lines; Conveyors; Critical components; Cylinder liners; Design; Horticulture; Machine vision; Performance evaluation; Pneumatics; Reproducibility; sorter evaluation; Surface defects; Sweet potatoes; sweetpotato; system integration; Vision systems; United States > US
• ISSN: 2624-7402; 2624-7402
• DOI: 10.3390/agriengineering6030175

Automated sorting of sweetpotatoes is necessary to reduce labor dependence and costs that are significant at today’s sweetpotato packing sheds. Although optical sorters have been widely adopted in commercial packing lines for many horticultural commodities, there remains an unmet need to develop dedicated technology for the automated grading and sorting of sweetpotatoes. Sorting mechanisms are the critical component that physically segregates products according to quality grades determined by a machine vision or imaging system. This study presents the new engineering prototypes and evaluation of three different pneumatically powered mechanisms for sorting sweetpotatoes online. Among the three sorters, the sorting mechanism, which employs a linear air cylinder to drive a paddle directly striking products, achieved the best overall accuracy and repeatability of 98% and 96.8%, respectively, at conveyor speeds of 4–12 cm/s. The sorter based on a rotary actuator also delivered decent accuracy and repeatability of 97.9% and 95.6%, respectively. The best-performing sorting mechanism was integrated with a machine vision system that graded sweetpotatoes based on size and surface defect conditions to separate graded sweetpotatoes into three quality categories. The errors of 0–1% due to the sorting process were obtained at conveyor speeds of 4–12 cm/s, confirming the efficacy of the manufactured sorting mechanisms. There was a declining trend with the conveyor speed in the performance of the sorting mechanisms when evaluated either in a standalone or integrated configuration. The proposed sorting mechanisms that are simple in construction and operation and of low cost are useful for developing a more full-fledged sorting system. More research is needed to enhance sorting performance and conduct extensive tests at higher conveyor speeds for practical application.