Prevalence of hepatitis B e antigen among human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B virus co-infected patients in Jos, Nigeria

• Published in: Journal of infection in developing countries Vol. 7; no. 12; pp. 951 - 959
• Main Authors: Iroezindu, Michael O, Daniyam, Comfort A, Agbaji, Oche O, Isa, Ejiji S, Okeke, Edith N, Imade, Godwin E
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Italy Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 15-12-2013
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Cross-Sectional Studies; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Flow Cytometry; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis B - complications; Hepatitis B e Antigens - blood; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens - blood; Hepatitis B virus - immunology; HIV; HIV Infections - complications; Human immunodeficiency virus; Humans; Immune system; Male; Middle Aged; Nigeria - epidemiology; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Seroepidemiologic Studies; Viral Load; Young Adult; Nigeria
• ISSN: 1972-2680; 2036-6590; 1972-2680
• DOI: 10.3855/jidc.2747

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) negatively impacts the natural history of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, including replication. We determined the prevalence of HBeAg in HIV/HBV co-infected patients compared to HBV mono-infected controls and further investigated the relationship between HBeAg seropositivity and the degree of HIV-induced immunosuppression in co-infected patients.
The study design was cross-sectional. One hundred HBsAg-positive HIV-infected adults and 100 age and sex matched HBsAg-positive HIV negative controls were consecutively recruited between May and November 2010. Relevant demographic and HBV-related information was obtained. HBeAg was assayed by semi-quantitative third generation ELISA. The HIV/HBV co-infected patients also had CD4+ cell and HIV viral load quantification measured using flow cytometry and polymerase chain reaction techniques respectively.
In each group, the mean age was 34 ± 8 years and the majority (61%) was female. The prevalence of HBeAg was significantly higher among co-infected patients (n = 28; 28%) than in the controls (n = 15; 15%; p = 0.03). HBeAg seropositivity was independently associated with age < 40 years (AOR = 2.83, 95% = CI 1.29-6.17) and HIV seropositivity (AOR = 2.44, 95% C.I = 1.17-5.07). The prevalence of HBeAg was significantly higher in co-infected patients with CD4 cell count < 200 cell/µL (41.3%) compared to those with 200-499 cell/µL (18.6%) and ≥500 cell/µL (9.1%), p = 0.006.
HIV/HBV co-infected patients have a significantly higher prevalence of HBeAg than HBV mono-infected individuals. HBV-infected patients should be routinely assessed for HBeAg, especially if they are co-infected with HIV.