Subgingival biofilm microbiome in individuals with asthma and periodontitis: Metagenomic analysis

• Published in: Oral diseases Vol. 30; no. 7; pp. 4721 - 4730
• Main Authors: Pinto, Giselle R., Carvalho Filho, Paulo C., Carvalho, Rodrigo D. O., Conceição, Rogério R., Fortuna, Vitor, Gomes‐Filho, Isaac S., Trindade, Soraya C., Sarmento, Viviane A.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Denmark Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01-10-2024
• Subjects: Adult; Asthma; Asthma - microbiology; Biofilms; Dysbacteriosis; Dysbiosis - microbiology; Female; Gingiva; Gingiva - microbiology; Gum disease; Humans; Male; Metagenomics; Metagenomics - methods; Microbiomes; Microbiota; Middle Aged; oral microbiome; periodontal disease; Periodontitis; Periodontitis - microbiology; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - analysis; rRNA 16S; Statistical analysis; Young Adult; oral microbiome; asthma; periodontal disease
• ISSN: 1354-523X; 1601-0825; 1601-0825
• DOI: 10.1111/odi.14913

Objective
This observational study aimed to explore the metagenomics of subgingival biofilms in individuals with varying degrees of asthma, from severe to none, to elucidate the association between the subgingival microbiome and asthma.
Materials and Methods
Subgingival biofilm samples were collected from thirty participants at the Asthma Control Program Outpatient Clinic in Bahia (ProAR). These samples were categorized into six groups based on the severity of asthma and the presence or absence of periodontitis. We employed next‐generation sequencing (Illumina MiSeq), targeting the 16S rRNA gene, to characterize the microbial communities present. Our analysis included descriptive statistics and sequencing data, evaluated using multivariate statistical methods such as the Shannon index, principal coordinate analysis, and the Bray–Curtis dissimilarity.
Results
Our findings indicate a higher prevalence of periodontally detrimental bacterial genera in individuals with severe asthma and periodontitis. Additionally, individuals with asthma, but without periodontitis, exhibited a tendency toward dysbiosis, particularly in cases of severe asthma.
Conclusion
This research provides new insights into the composition of the subgingival microbiome in individuals with varying severities of asthma and periodontitis. The genera identified in this study underscore the need for further investigations to build upon these findings.