The evaluation of clinical factors affecting oral health impacts on the quality of life of Iranian elderly patients visiting dental clinics: A cross‐sectional study

• Published in: Special care in dentistry Vol. 44; no. 4; pp. 1219 - 1227
• Main Authors: Mirhosseini, Nazanin, Shoorgashti, Reyhaneh, Lesan, Simin
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01-07-2024
• Subjects: aged; Aging; Bitter taste; Cardiovascular diseases; community dentistry; dental care; Dentures; Geriatrics; health planning; Hypertension; Older people; oral health; Oral hygiene; Perception; Population studies; public health dentistry; Quality of life; Sourness; Sweetness; Taste; Taste perception; Teeth; Xerostomia; dental care; aged; community dentistry; oral health; public health dentistry; quality of life; health planning
• ISSN: 0275-1879; 1754-4505; 1754-4505
• DOI: 10.1111/scd.12980

Background
Iran will soon have an aging population. Healthcare providers must consider factors affecting the quality of life for those 60 and older. Understanding oral health as one of these factors can improve the elderly's quality of life. Oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) is a crucial reflection of individuals' general well‐being and their overall quality of life linked to health. This study aimed to evaluate the OHRQoL among elderly Iranians referring to Azad University of Medical Sciences in Tehran.
Methods
In this cross‐sectional study, 171 individuals over 65 (93 men and 78 women) were evaluated using OHIP‐14 and GOHAI‐12 questionnaires to analyze their quality of life. Gender, age, systemic diseases, using medications and dentures, the number of remaining teeth, and oral lesions were recorded. Salivary flow and xerostomia were analyzed with the spitting method and xerostomia index questionnaire, respectively. Also, four main flavor solutions were used to evaluate the taste perception. Data were analyzed using PASS11 and p value < .05 was the significance level.
Results
Based on OHIP‐14 and GOHAI‐12, Iranian older people's quality of life can be affected by cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, xerostomia, and the number of remaining teeth (p < .05). The results also showed a significant correlation between the OHIP‐14 and GOHAI‐12 scores (p < .001). Both indexes revealed that the number of remaining teeth, xerostomia, salivary flow, and taste perception greatly influenced participants' quality of life. More remaining teeth, improved salivary flow, and better perception of sweetness and sourness were all linked to a higher quality of life, while increased xerostomia, reduced salivary flow, and bitter taste perception were linked to a decline in overall well‐being. Cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, and medication use were also found to significantly impact quality of life.
Conclusion
This study's results indicate that cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, dry mouth, and tooth loss can negatively impact the elderly's quality of life. So, improving both systemic and oral health is vital for enhancing life quality in this age group.