Real-world effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination in liver cirrhosis: a systematic review with meta-analysis of 51,834 patients

• Published in: Proceedings - Baylor University. Medical Center Vol. 36; no. 2; pp. 151 - 156
• Main Authors: Beran, Azizullah, Mhanna, Asmaa, Mhanna, Mohammed, Hassouneh, Ramzi, Abuhelwa, Ziad, Mohamed, Mouhand F. H., Sayeh, Wasef, Musallam, Rami, Assaly, Ragheb, Abdeljawad, Khaled
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Taylor & Francis 2023; Taylor & Francis Ltd
• Subjects: Chronic liver disease; Coronaviruses; COVID-19 vaccine; COVID-19 vaccines; Immunization; Liver cirrhosis; Liver diseases; Meta-analysis; Mortality; Original Research: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2 vaccine; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; COVID-19 vaccine; SARS-CoV-2 vaccine; Chronic liver disease; liver cirrhosis
• ISSN: 0899-8280; 1525-3252
• DOI: 10.1080/08998280.2023.2165344

SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations were found to be highly effective in phase 3 clinical trials. However, these trials have not reported data regarding the subgroup of liver disease or excluded patients with liver disease. The effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines among liver cirrhosis (LC) patients is unclear. We conducted this meta-analysis to assess the effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in LC patients. A comprehensive literature search was conducted to include all the relevant studies that compared the outcomes of LC patients who received SARS-CoV-2 vaccines vs. unvaccinated patients. Pooled risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by the Mantel-Haenszel method within a random-effect model. Four studies with 51,834 LC patients (20,689 patients received at least one dose vs 31,145 were unvaccinated) were included. COVID-19-related complications, including hospitalization (RR 0.73, 95% CI 0.59-0.91, P = 0.004), mortality (RR 0.29, 95% CI 0.16-0.55, P = 0.0001), and need for invasive mechanical ventilation (RR 0.29, 95% CI 0.11-0.77, P = 0.01), were significantly lower in the vaccinated group compared to the unvaccinated group. SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in LC patients reduced COVID-19-related mortality, intubation, and hospitalization. SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is highly effective in LC. Further prospective studies, preferably randomized controlled trials, are necessary to validate our findings and determine which vaccine is superior in patients with LC.