Models in vivo and in vitro for the study of acute and chronic inflammatory activity: A comprehensive review

• Published in: International immunopharmacology Vol. 135; p. 112292
• Main Authors: Bernardette Martínez-Rizo, Abril, Fosado-Rodríguez, Ricardo, César Torres-Romero, Julio, César Lara-Riegos, Julio, Alberto Ramírez-Camacho, Mario, Ly Arroyo Herrera, Ana, Elizabeth Villa de la Torre, Fabiola, Ceballos Góngora, Emanuel, Ermilo Arana-Argáez, Víctor
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 30-06-2024
• Subjects: Acute Disease; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents - pharmacology; Anti-Inflammatory Agents - therapeutic use; Chronic Disease; Cytokines; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Humans; In vitro models; In vivo models; Inflammation - drug therapy; Inflammatory activity; Inflammatory diseases; Inflammatory activity; In vivo models; In vitro models; Cytokines; Inflammatory diseases
• ISSN: 1567-5769; 1878-1705
• DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112292

•Update acute inflammation models.•Overview of Valid Chronic Inflammation Models.•Advantages and drawbacks of in vitro models.
Inflammatory conditions are among the principal causes of morbidity worldwide, and their treatment continues to be a challenge, given the restricted availability of effective and safe drugs. Thus, the identification of new compounds with biological activity that can be used for the treatment of inflammatory disorders is an essential field in medical and health research, in order to improve the health and quality of life of patients suffering from these diseases. Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity of drugs requires the implementation of models that accurately depict the biochemical and/or physiological responses that characterize human inflammation; for this reason, several in vitro and in vivo models have been developed, providing a platform for discovering novel or repurposed compounds. For this reason, in the present review we have selected twelve commonly used models for the evaluation of the anti-inflammatory effect, and extensively describes the difference between in vivo and in vitro models of inflammation, highlighting their advantages and limitations. On the other hand, the inflammatory mechanisms involved in them, the methods employed for their establishment, and the different parameters assessed to determine the anti-inflammatory activity of a given compound are extensively discussed. We expect to provide a comprehensive guide for the improved selection of a suitable model for the preclinical evaluation of plausible anti-inflammatory agents.