Expression of MicroRNAs in Adults with Celiac Disease: A Narrative Review

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 25; no. 17; p. 9412
• Main Authors: Rigo, Francielen Furieri, Oliveira, Ellen Cristina Souza de, Quaglio, Ana Elisa Valencise, Moutinho, Bruna Damásio, Di Stasi, Luiz Claudio, Sassaki, Ligia Yukie
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 30-08-2024
• Subjects: Adult; Antigens; Barley; Biomarkers; Biopsy; Celiac disease; Celiac Disease - genetics; Celiac Disease - immunology; Celiac Disease - metabolism; Cytotoxicity; Gene Expression Regulation; Gluten; gluten-free diet; Haplotypes; Health risk assessment; Humans; Hyperplasia; immune response; Inflammation; Lymphocytes; MicroRNAs; MicroRNAs - genetics; Patients; Peptides; Permeability; Proteins; Quality of life; Serology; Small intestine; microRNAs; celiac disease; gluten-free diet; immune response; biomarkers
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179412

Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated enteropathy triggered by the ingestion of proline- and glutamine-rich proteins, widely termed "gluten", in genetically susceptible individuals. CD induces an altered immune response that leads to chronic inflammation and duodenal mucosal damage. Currently, there are no specific tests for the accurate diagnosis of CD, and no drugs are available to treat this condition. The only available treatment strategy is lifelong adherence to a gluten-free diet. However, some studies have investigated the involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs) in CD pathogenesis. miRNAs are small noncoding ribonucleic acid molecules that regulate gene expression. Despite the growing number of studies on the role of miRNAs in autoimmune disorders, data on miRNAs and CD are scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to perform a literature review to summarize CD, miRNAs, and the potential interactions between miRNAs and CD in adults. This review shows that miRNA expression can suppress or stimulate pathways related to CD pathogenesis by regulating cell proliferation and differentiation, regulatory T-cell development, innate immune response, activation of the inflammatory cascade, focal adhesion, T-cell commitment, tissue transglutaminase synthesis, and cell cycle. Thus, identifying miRNAs and their related effects on CD could open new possibilities for diagnosis, prognosis, and follow-up of biomarkers.