Association of interferon-gamma responses to pre-erythrocytic stage vaccine candidate antigens of Plasmodium falciparum in young Kenyan children with improved hemoglobin levels: XV. Asembo Bay Cohort Project

• Published in: The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene Vol. 68; no. 5; p. 590
• Main Authors: Ong'echa, John M O, Lal, Altaf A, Terlouw, Dianne J, Ter Kuile, Feiko O, Kariuki, Simon K, Udhayakumar, Venkatchalam, Orago, Alloys S S, Hightower, Allen W, Nahlen, Bernard L, Shi, Ya Ping
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States 01-05-2003
• Subjects: Anemia - blood; Anemia - etiology; Animals; Antigens, Protozoan - immunology; Cohort Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Hemoglobins - analysis; Humans; Infant; Interferon-gamma - biosynthesis; Lymphocyte Activation; Malaria, Falciparum - complications; Malaria, Falciparum - immunology; Malaria, Falciparum - prevention & control; Plasmodium falciparum - immunology; Protozoan Vaccines - immunology
• ISSN: 0002-9637
• DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2003.68.590

Previous studies in animal models have revealed an association between interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), produced by CD8+ T cells and irradiated sporozoite-induced sterile immunity. To determine whether IFN-gamma can serve as a marker of pre-erythrocytic protective immunity in individuals naturally exposed to malaria, we characterized IFN-gamma and lymphocyte proliferative responses to previously defined CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes from six pre-erythrocytic stage antigens in 107 children six months to two years old from a community-based birth cohort in western Kenya. We found that IFN-gamma positive responders had higher hemoglobin (Hb) levels and significantly reduced prevalence of severe malarial anemia one month after the test compared with IFN-gamma non-responders, suggesting that IFN-gamma immune responses to these pre-erythrocytic antigens were associated with protection against malarial anemia. Children who responded by lymphocyte proliferation had a significantly longer time to first documented malaria parasitemia after birth; however, there was no correlation between the presence of lymphocyte proliferative response and higher Hb levels. We propose that IFN-gamma production could be used as a potential marker of protective immunity against malaria associated anemia in young children living in malaria holoendemic areas.