ACE2 Knockout Mice Are Resistant to High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in an Age-Dependent Manner

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 25; no. 17; p. 9515
• Main Authors: Nunes-Souza, Valéria, Alenina, Natalia, Qadri, Fatimunnisa, Mosienko, Valentina, Santos, Robson Augusto Souza, Bader, Michael, Rabelo, Luiza Antas
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 01-09-2024
• Subjects: Age Factors; aging; Aging - metabolism; Amino acids; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 - genetics; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 - metabolism; angiotensin-converting enzyme type 2; Animals; Body fat; Body Weight; COVID-19; COVID-19 - genetics; COVID-19 - metabolism; Diet; Diet, High-Fat - adverse effects; Enzymes; Glucose; glycemic signaling; Homeostasis; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Leptin - metabolism; Lipid Metabolism; Lipids; Male; Metabolic disorders; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Obesity; Obesity - etiology; Obesity - genetics; Obesity - metabolism; Obesity - pathology; obesity resistance; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; aging; angiotensin-converting enzyme type 2; glycemic signaling; obesity resistance
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179515

Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) presents pleiotropic actions. It hydrolyzes angiotensin I (AngI) and angiotensin II (AngII) into angiotensin-(1-9) (Ang-(1-9)) and angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)), respectively, as well as participates in tryptophan uptake in the gut and in COVID-19 infection. Our aim was to investigate the metabolic effect of ACE2 deletion in young adults and elderly mice under conditions of high calorie intake. Male C57Bl/6 (WT) and ACE2-deficient (ACE2
) mice were analyzed at the age of 6 and 12 months under standard diet (StD) and high-fat diet (HFD). Under StD, ACE2
showed lower body weight and fat depots, improved glucose tolerance, enhanced insulin sensitivity, higher adiponectin, and lower leptin levels compared to WT. This difference was even more pronounced after HFD in 6-month-old mice, but, interestingly, it was blunted at the age of 12 months. ACE2
presented a decrease in adipocyte diameter and lipolysis, which reflected in the upregulation of lipid metabolism in white adipose tissue through the increased expression of genes involved in lipid regulation. Under HFD, both food intake and total energy expenditure were decreased in 6-month-old ACE2
mice, accompanied by an increase in liquid intake, compared to WT mice, fed either StD or HFD. Thus, ACE2
mice are less susceptible to HFD-induced obesity in an age-dependent manner, as well as represent an excellent animal model of human lipodystrophy and a tool to investigate new treatments.