Antioxidative and anti-cytogenotoxic potential of Lysiphyllum strychnifolium (Craib) A. Schmitz extracts against cadmium-induced toxicity in human embryonic kidney (HEK293) and dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells

• Published in: Heliyon Vol. 10; no. 14; p. e34480
• Main Authors: Maliyam, Pattaravan, Laphookhieo, Surat, Koedrith, Preeyaporn, Puttarak, Panupong
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Elsevier Ltd 30-07-2024; Elsevier
• Subjects: Anti-genotoxicity; Antioxidant; Cadmium; Cytoprotective; HDF cells; HEK293cells; Lysiphyllum strychnifolium (Craib) A. Schmitz; Anti-genotoxicity; HEK293cells; Cadmium; HDF cells; Antioxidant; Lysiphyllum strychnifolium (Craib) A. Schmitz; Cytoprotective
• ISSN: 2405-8440; 2405-8440
• DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34480

Exposure to cadmium (Cd) results in bioaccumulation and irreversible damage; this encourages an investigation of alternatives to address Cd toxicity, using natural compounds. Lysiphyllum strychnifolium, a well-known Thai medicinal plant, was investigated for its phytochemical compounds and corresponding bioactivities, including antioxidant and anti-cytogenotoxic effects against Cd toxicity in HEK293 renal and HDF dermal cell models. The crude extract of L. strychnifolium (LsCrude) was partitioned into four fractions, using sequential polarity solvents (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and water, denoted as LsH, LsD, LsE, and LsW, respectively). The extraction yields were 1.79 %, 5.08 %, 8.53 %, and 70.25 % (w/w), respectively. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, alkaloids, and flavonoids in LsCrude and its fractions, except for LsH. LsE exhibited the highest concentrations of phenolics (286.83 ± 6.83 mg GAE/g extract) and flavonoids (86.36 ± 1.29 mg QE/g extract). Subsequent 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging and ferric-reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) reducing powder assays demonstrated the high antioxidant capacity of LsCrude and its fractions. The lowest IC50 value (9.11 ± 0.43 μg/mL) in the DPPH assay corresponded to LsW, whereas the highest total FRAP value (6.06 ± 0.70 mg QE Eq./g dry mass) corresponded to LsE. MTT and alkaline comet assays revealed the lack of toxicity of the extracts, which were considered safe. Upon exposure to Cd at the CC50 level, HEK293 cells treated with LsE suppressed Cd-induced damage. HDF cells treated with LsCrude, LsD, or LsE attenuated Cd-induced damage. In the pre-treatment, LsD protected the HDF cells against Cd-mediated cytogenotoxicity. These anti-cytogenotoxic potentials are likely due to the antioxidant properties of the phytochemicals. Our findings highlight the cyto-geno-protective properties of L. strychnifolium stem extracts against Cd toxicity in HEK293 and HDF cells, and provide a novel approach for combating oxidative stress and DNA damage caused by environmental pollutants.
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•The ethanolic extract of Lysiphyllum strychnifolium contains flavonoids among its phytochemicals, which contribute to its antioxidant capacity.•Ethyl acetate and water fractions exhibited anti-cytogenotoxicity in HEK293 cells co-treated with CdCl2 at CC50 level.•Dichloromethane fraction protected HDF cells against Cd toxicity; pre-treatment displaying anti-cytogenotoxicity.•Dichloromethane, ethyl acetate fractions, and LsCrude reduced Cd toxicity, showing anti-cytogenotoxic effects in HDF cells after co-treatment.•These extracts, considered as safe candidates, hold promise for development of L. strychnifolium-incorporating herbal medicines into environmental health perspectives.