Steady-state and dynamic behavior of a moderated molten salt reactor

• Published in: Annals of nuclear energy Vol. 64; pp. 365 - 379
• Main Authors: Nagy, K., Lathouwers, D., T’Joen, C.G.A., Kloosterman, J.L., van der Hagen, T.H.J.J.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Ltd 01-02-2014
• Subjects: Coupled calculations; Molten salt reactor; Transient calculations; Transient calculations; Molten salt reactor; Coupled calculations
• ISSN: 0306-4549; 1873-2100
• DOI: 10.1016/j.anucene.2013.08.009

•Steady-state and transient coupled calculation scheme.•Study of impact of the substance properties on the operating conditions and on the reactivity feedback coefficients.•Several pump-driven and temperature induced full power transients calculated and discussed.
The moderated Molten Salt Reactor (MSR) is an attractive breeder reactor. However, the temperature feedback coefficient of such a system can be positive due to the contribution of the moderator, an effect that can only be avoided with special measures. A previous study (Nagy et al., 2010) aimed to find a core design that is a breeder and has negative overall temperature feedback coefficient. In this paper, a coupled calculation scheme, which includes the reactor physics, heat transfer and fluid dynamics calculations is introduced. It is used both for steady-state and for dynamic calculations to evaluate the safety of the core design which was selected from the results of the previous study. The calculated feedback coefficients on the salt and graphite temperatures, power and uranium concentration prove that the core design derived in the previous optimization study is safe because the temperature feedback coefficient of the core and of the power is sufficiently negative. Transient calculations are performed to show the inherent safety of the reactor in case of reactivity insertion. As it is shown, the response of the reactor to these transients is initially dominated by the strong negative feedback of the salt. In all the presented transients, the reactor power stabilizes and the temperature of the salt never approaches its boiling point.