A different approach to the network method: continuity equation in flow through porous media under retaining structures

• Published in: Engineering computations Vol. 37; no. 9; pp. 3269 - 3291
• Main Authors: Martínez-Moreno, Encarnación, Garcia-Ros, Gonzalo, Alhama, Ivan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Bradford Emerald Publishing Limited 28-10-2020; Emerald Group Publishing Limited
• Subjects: Boundary conditions; Civil engineering; Conservation equations; Continuity equation; Dams; Flow nets; Groundwater; Groundwater flow; Isotropic media; Mathematical models; Numerical models; Permeability; Porous media; Seepage; Sheet piles; Simulation; Software; Uplift; Velocity; Water conservation; Water flow; Seepage flow; Numerical solution; Network model; Soil mechanics
• ISSN: 0264-4401; 1758-7077
• DOI: 10.1108/EC-10-2019-0493

Purpose
This study aims to present a new numerical model for the simulation of water flow through porous media of anisotropic character, based on the network simulation method and with the use of the free code Ngspice.
Design/methodology/approach
For its design, it starts directly from the flow conservation equation, which presents several advantages in relation to the numerical simulation of the governing equation in terms of the potential head. The model provides very precise solutions of streamlines and potential patterns in all cases, with relatively small meshes and acceptable calculation times, both essential characteristics when developing a computational tool for engineering purposes. The model has been successfully verified with analytical results for non-penetrating dams in isotropic media.
Findings
Applications of the model are presented for the construction of the flow nets, calculation of uplift pressures, infiltrated flow and average exit gradient in anisotropic scenarios with penetrating dams with and without sheet piles, being all this output information part of the decision process in ground engineering problems involving these retaining structures.
Originality/value
This study presents, for the first time, a numerical network model for seepage problems that is not obtained from the Laplace's governing equation, but from the water flow conservation continuity equation.