Versatile whey acidic protein four-disulfide core domain proteins: biology and role in diseases

The Whey acidic protein four-disulfide core (WFDC) protein family consists of proteins with one or more WFDC domains which are ubiquitously expressed throughout the body of human and perform a wide range of functions, including antiprotease, antibacterial, and immunomodulatory functions. Aberrant ex...

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Published in:Frontiers in cell and developmental biology Vol. 12; p. 1459129
Main Authors: Wen, Yifan, Jiang, Nan, Wang, Zhen, Xiao, Yuanyuan
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 04-09-2024
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Summary:The Whey acidic protein four-disulfide core (WFDC) protein family consists of proteins with one or more WFDC domains which are ubiquitously expressed throughout the body of human and perform a wide range of functions, including antiprotease, antibacterial, and immunomodulatory functions. Aberrant expression of WFDC proteins is associated with human diseases. However, review on the WFDC protein family is limited and insufficient. Furthermore, a systematic summary of the underlying mechanisms of WFDC protein activity is lacking. In this review, we give a summary of the structural basis and molecular function of these proteins and review the immune regulatory mechanisms and signaling pathways of WFDC proteins in the development of certain diseases. Furthermore, we discuss the diagnostic and prognostic potential of multiple WFDC proteins in the aforementioned conditions, as well as their prospective use. At last, we also discuss the progress of WFDC protein in clinical trials and put forward some research difficulties and the directions of follow-up research. Our review highlights the functional diversity and clinical significance of WFDC proteins family, while providing potential targets for drug development and innovative therapeutic strategies, this review lays the foundation and direction for future research on WFDC proteins.
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Caire Barreto, Johns Hopkins University, United States
Reviewed by: James K. Fields, Johns Hopkins University, United States
Edited by: Venkaiah Betapudi, United States Department of Health and Human Services, United States
Namratha Sheshadri, Rutgers University, United States
Clifford Taggart, Queen’s University Belfast, United Kingdom
ISSN:2296-634X
2296-634X
DOI:10.3389/fcell.2024.1459129