Highly efficient preconcentration of anti-depressant drugs in biological matrices by conducting supramolecular solvent-based microextraction after dispersive micro solid phase extraction technique

• Published in: Microchemical journal Vol. 190; p. 108703
• Main Authors: Arghavani-Beydokhti, Somayeh, Rajabi, Maryam, Asghari, Alireza, Hosseini-Bandegharaei, Ahmad
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier B.V 01-07-2023
• Subjects: Anti-depressant drugs; Carbon nanotube; Counter-current salting-out; Layered double hydroxide; Supramolecular solvent-based microextraction; Carbon nanotube; Counter-current salting-out; Anti-depressant drugs; Layered double hydroxide; Supramolecular solvent-based microextraction
• ISSN: 0026-265X; 1095-9149
• DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108703

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•Two methods were used in a raw for preconcentration of anti-depressants before HPLC analysis.•Dμ-SPE coupled SSME was exploited for determination of ultra-trace levels of these drugs.•The devised method was selective, sensitive, green, and highly beneficial.•Wide linearities, acceptable RSD values, and good LODs and LOQs were obtained.•The devised method was tested for analysis of biological samples with complex matrices.
A selective, sensitive, and green sample preparation method was devised by applying a supramolecular solvent-based microextraction (SSME), based on the salting out effect, after conducting the dispersive micro solid phase extraction (Dμ-SPE). The technique was employed for preconcentrative extraction and determination of five anti-depressant drugs in human plasmas and urine samples. The first step was conducted by synthesizing and using a layered double hydroxide-carbon nanotube nanohybrid adsorbent. Multiple interactions betwixt the nanoadsorbent and target analytes, including electrostatic, hydrogen bonding, and π-π interactions and the large surface area of the adsorbent led to an effective performance. In the next step, after emulsification in the presence of supramolecular solvent by ultrasonication, the salting-out effect was applied to separate the extraction phases. At Optimization conditions, wide linearities were obtained, in the ranges of 1.5–3500, 2.0–3500, 1.0–3200, 2.0–3000, and 2.0–3000 ng mL−1 for imipramine, amitriptyline, trimipramine, sertraline, and citalopram, respectively, with low limits of detection ranging from 0.3 to 0.6 ng mL−1. Also, acceptable RSD values (≤8.9%; n = 5) for intra- and inter–day precision were obtained, along with acceptable spiked recoveries (94.5–100.0%) in complex matrices. Overall, the effectiveness of the nanosorbent, ultrasonication, supermolecule green solvents with easy solidification and collection, and elimination of the centrifugation bestowed a highly beneficial method for analyzing anti-depressant drugs.