Functional bagasse: As a versatile catalyst for henry reaction and additive-free cycloaddition of CO2

• Published in: Journal of environmental chemical engineering Vol. 11; no. 3; p. 109737
• Main Authors: Ravi, Krishnan, GBE, Jean-Louis K., Mehra, Sanjay, Tothadi, Srinu, Kumar, Arvind, Biradar, Ankush V.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Ltd 01-06-2023
• Subjects: CO2 utilization; Functionalization; Henry reaction; Quaternary ammonium salts; Sugarcane bagasse; CO2 utilization; Quaternary ammonium salts; Functionalization; Sugarcane bagasse; Henry reaction
• ISSN: 2213-3437
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2023.109737

A facile synthetic route thrived for the synthesis of a multifunctional solid base catalyst. The amine-functionalized bagasse was synthesized by anchoring the ethylenediamine on the bagasse. Then, the functionalized bagasse was further converted to quaternary ammonium functionalized bagasse. From elemental composition, the nitrogen content of sugarcane bagasse was increased after post-functionalization and confirms the successful functionalization of amine functionality. The FT-IR analysis reveals the formation the functionalization of amine group on the secondary hydroxyl group of bagasse. Further, the formation of quaternary ammonium salt on the bagasse was supported by the XPS analysis and with the binding energy value at 401.75 eV, which corroborates the formation of C-N+ bond. The acid-base titration exhibited 0.328 mmol/g of basicity on the amine-functionalized sugarcane bagasse. The inexpensive amine-functionalized bagasse was used for the condensation of nitromethane with various bio-derived carbonyl compounds. The amine-functionalized bagasse gave complete conversion of aldehydes with 80–90% yield of desired β-nitroalkenes. The amine-functionalized catalyst manifested good recyclability up to four cycles. Further, the quaternary ammonium functionalized bagasse is used for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from epoxides without adding any external additives (metal, co-catalyst, and solvents). The quaternary ammonium functionalized bagasse showed moderate conversion of epoxides (20–61%) with good selectivity of desired cyclic carbonates.
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•Amine and quaternary ammonium salt was functionalization on bagasse.•Amine functionalized bagasse exhibits 0.3218 mmol/g of basic sites.•Amine functionalized bagasse is used for the synthesis of β-nitroalkenes with good yield.•The catalyst was recyclable for up to four cycles with negligible loss of catalytic activity.•Synthesis of solvent and additive-free cyclic carbonates from epoxides with CO2.