Development and Validation of the Cognitive Behavior Questionnaire in Nonspecific Chronic Low Back Pain (CBQ-NSCLBP)

• Published in: Curēus (Palo Alto, CA) Vol. 15; no. 7; p. e41853
• Main Authors: Saini, Seema, Golwala, Paresh, Tiwari, Devashish
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Cureus Inc 13-07-2023; Cureus
• Subjects: Back pain; Cognition & reasoning; Delphi method; Eigenvalues; Likert scale; Literature reviews; Pain Management; Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation; Physical therapy; Psychology; Questionnaires; Self report; Validity; self-report measure; chronic pain; questionnaire; cognitive factors; reliability; cognitive behavior questionnaire development; psychometric properties; validity; behavioral factors; validation
• ISSN: 2168-8184; 2168-8184
• DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41853

Background It's common to experience chronic low back pain (CLBP), having serious psychological as well as physical implications. The experience of CLBP and its management depends greatly on cognitive and behavioral aspects. However, there is a requirement for a valid and reliable instrument that assesses the characteristics associated with this condition. Purpose The Cognitive Behavior Questionnaire in Nonspecific Chronic Low Back Pain (CBQ-NSCLBP), a questionnaire for measuring cognitive behavior was created and validated for this study. Methodology To validate the instrument, the consensus technique with two rounds of the modified Delphi process was used. With a varied background, 13 experts in the field were specifically chosen. Utilizing the literature review, an outline of the questionnaire was created. Each of the suggested things was evaluated by the experts using a five-point Likert scale. The items completed the descriptive analysis using the criteria for validation and elimination. Results The research findings showed that the CBQ-NSCLBP had good psychometric characteristics. The content Validity Ratio (CVR) (Critical) for a panel size (N) of 13 is 0.54 & for CBQ-NSCLBP is 0.70, which was regarded as indicative of strong content validity. Test-retest reliability showed that intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) values for all the items were greater than 0.9 which indicates excellent reliability. Spearman's correlation test between CBQ-NSCLBP and the Survey of Pain Questionnaire-Brief (SOPA-B) has shown that all the items are valid since the correlation value is higher than the cutoff value (0.139). Exploratory Factor Analysis was performed and three factors were retained based on eigenvalue greater than one. Conclusion In order to evaluate cognitive behavior in Nonspecific Chronic Low Back Pain (NSCLBP), we created this tool. This will make it easy to understand the level of cognition in NSCLBP patients.