Utilization Trends of Phosphodiesterase Type-5 Inhibitors for Erectile Dysfunction Between 2019 and 2023 in Tanzania

• Published in: Curēus (Palo Alto, CA) Vol. 16; no. 4; p. e58419
• Main Authors: Sangeda, Raphael Z, Kadinde, Auleria W, Masatu, Cassian F, Mwalwisi, Yonah Hebron, Yahya-Malima, Khadija I, Fimbo, Adam M
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Cureus Inc 16-04-2024; Cureus
• Subjects: Airports; Brands; Data collection; Drug dosages; Epidemiology/Public Health; Erectile dysfunction; Family/General Practice; Generic drugs; Quality of life; Sexual disorders; Therapeutics; Trends; United States > US; Tanzania; pde5is; tanzania; daily defined doses; phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors; ddd; atc classification; viagra; sildenafil; drug utilization research; erectile dysfunction
• ISSN: 2168-8184; 2168-8184
• DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58419

Introduction Erectile dysfunction (ED) profoundly affects millions of people globally, including interfering with mental health and quality of life. Phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitors (PDE5Is) such as sildenafil are pivotal in ED treatment. This study aimed to examine the utilization patterns of PDE5Is in Tanzania. Materials and methods In this retrospective longitudinal study, data on sildenafil and other similar PDE5Is imported between 2019 and 2023 were sourced from the Tanzania Medicines and Medical Devices Authority (TMDA). Pre-processing and visualization were performed using Microsoft Power BI Desktop, and further analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 26 (Released 2019; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States). Utilization trends were ascertained through curve fitting, Holt's linear trend model, and autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models. The defined daily doses (DDDS) per 1000 inhabitants (DID) were calculated using the World Health Organization (WHO) Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) Classification System and the DDD methodology endorsed by the WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology. Results Between 2019 and 2023, there was a pronounced increase in the importation of approximately 587 consignments of PDE5Is. Employing the Holt model (R-square = 0.843), a substantial increase from 0.220910 DID in 2019 to 0.534272 DID by 2025 was observed and anticipated. The period witnessed sildenafil dominating 75.5% of the total use, with Erecto being the most consumed brand (37.6% of total DID). Notably, 2022 had the highest surge (27.2% of the total), albeit a slight decline was observed in 2023 (20.5%). This trend was supported by a linear regression model (R-square = 0.889). Conclusion We found increasing annual trends of PDE5Is of utilization. This requires critical oversight and effective policies to ensure appropriate use and risk minimization.