Factors that may increase the risk of external apical root resorption during orthodontic treatment Retrospective clinical investigation

• Published in: Journal of orofacial orthopedics Vol. 85; no. 6; pp. 425 - 434
• Main Authors: Kaya, Burçak, Gülşahı, Ayşe, Türkyılmaz, Gizem
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Heidelberg Springer Medizin 01-11-2024
• Subjects: Adolescent; Causality; Child; Comorbidity; Dentistry; Female; Humans; Male; Malocclusion - diagnostic imaging; Malocclusion - therapy; Medicine; Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Original Article; Orthodontics, Corrective - adverse effects; Retrospective Studies; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Root Resorption - diagnostic imaging; Root Resorption - etiology; Tooth Extraction - adverse effects; Engstand; Zahnextraktion; Malocclusion; Tooth extraction; Treatment duration; Malokklusion; Angle classification; Behandlungsdauer; Angle-Klassifizierung; Tooth crowding
• ISSN: 1434-5293; 1615-6714; 1615-6714
• DOI: 10.1007/s00056-023-00485-z

Purpose
To determine the correlation between external apical root resorption and malocclusion-related variables in patients treated with fixed orthodontic appliances.
Methods
In all, 103 patients aged 12–15 years and treated with edge-wise appliances either without extractions or with four premolar extractions were included in this retrospective cohort study. External apical root resorption was assessed in the pre- and posttreatment panoramic radiographs of these patients for incisors, canines, premolars, and first molars. A total of 2332 teeth were evaluated in 206 panoramic radiographs obtained from 103 patients. The gender of the patients, duration of orthodontic treatments, presence of premolar extractions, Angle classification, overbite, overjet and amount of crowding were assessed. Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Mann–Whitney U test, and Kruskal–Wallis test were used for statistical analysis of the data.
Results
Statistically significant (
p
 < 0.001) root resorption occurred in all examined teeth during orthodontic treatment. The degree of root resorption observed in the premolars was significantly greater in premolar extraction cases than in nonextraction cases. Statistically significant negative correlations were found between the degree of root resorption of the maxillary lateral teeth and between the maxillary first premolar teeth and the amount of maxillary crowding.
Conclusions
The orthodontic treatment protocols and the amount of tooth movements achieved were shown to be dependent on the severity of dental malocclusions and they have an influence on the amount of external apical root resorption that occurs during the course of orthodontic treatment.