13 years of speaker recognition research at BUT, with longitudinal analysis of NIST SRE

• Published in: Computer speech & language Vol. 63; p. 101035
• Main Authors: Matějka, Pavel, Plchot, Oldřich, Glembek, Ondřej, Burget, Lukáš, Rohdin, Johan, Zeinali, Hossein, Mošner, Ladislav, Silnova, Anna, Novotný, Ondřej, Diez, Mireia, “Honza” Černocký, Jan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Ltd 01-09-2020
• Subjects: DNN Embedding; Eigen-channel compensation; Evaluations; GMM; I-vectors; JFA; NIST; Speaker recognition; X-vectors; DNN Embedding; JFA; GMM; I-vectors; X-vectors; NIST; Eigen-channel compensation; Evaluations; Speaker recognition
• ISSN: 0885-2308; 1095-8363
• DOI: 10.1016/j.csl.2019.101035

•We present a “longitudinal study” of all important milestone techniques used in speaker recognition by evaluating on multiple NIST SREs.•We provide aa analysis of difficulty of individual NIST SREs.•We investigate the impact of the amount of training data on performance of particular Speaker Recognition methods.•We evaluate milestone techniques also on the Speakers In The Wild (SITW) and VOiCES challenge datasets, as the amount of- and interest in user-contributed audiovisual content grows.
In this paper, we present a brief history and a “longitudinal study” of all important milestone modelling techniques used in text independent speaker recognition since Brno University of Technology (BUT) first participated in the NIST Speaker Recognition Evaluation (SRE) in 2006—GMM MAP, GMM MAP with eigen-channel adaptation, Joint Factor Analysis, i-vector and DNN embedding (x-vector). To emphasize the historical context, the techniques are evaluated on all NIST SRE sets since 2004 on a time-machine principle, i.e. a system is always trained using all data available up till the year of evaluation. Moreover, as user-contributed audiovisual content dominates nowadays’ Internet, we representatively include the Speakers In The Wild (SITW) and VOiCES challenge datasets in the evaluation of our systems. Not only we present a comparison of the modelling techniques, but we also show the effect of sampling frequency.