Pinecone particles filled polybenzoxazine composites: Thermomechanical and mechanical properties

• Published in: Journal of applied polymer science Vol. 138; no. 43
• Main Authors: Nawaz, Imran Rab, Wang, Ting, Gorar, Athar Ali Khan, Soomro, Adnan Ghani, Sami, Syed Kamran, Shah, Ahmer Hussain, Wang, Jun, Liu, Wen‐Bin, Sultan, Syed Haseeb, Babar, Aijaz Ahmed, Dayo, Abdul Qadeer
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Hoboken, USA John Wiley & Sons, Inc 15-11-2021; Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
• Subjects: Aniline; Benzoxazines; Empirical analysis; Glass transition temperature; Impact strength; Loss modulus; Materials science; Mechanical properties; particle‐reinforced composites; Particulate composites; Polybenzoxazines; Polymers; Storage modulus; Thermal stability; Thermomechanical properties
• ISSN: 0021-8995; 1097-4628
• DOI: 10.1002/app.51279

In the current study, 1 wt%, NaOH treated pine cone (ATPC) particles composites with bisphenol‐A aniline based benzoxazine (BA‐a) matrix were prepared by isothermal compression method. Ultimate impacts of ATPC reinforcement on the thermomechanical, tensile, flexural, and impact properties of the composites were studied by using a dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA), a Universal testing machine, and a Tinius‐Olsen impact device, respectively. The thermal stability of ATPC particles was remarkably increased, TGA confirmed that particles will not be degraded during the curing. The DMA results of 30 wt% ATPC reinforced composites confirmed that the glass transition temperature, storage modulus, and loss modulus were 22°C, 2510, and 250 MPa higher than the neat matrix, respectively. In addition, the impact strength of the 30 wt% ATPC reinforced composites was nearly 3 times higher than the neat matrix, which confirmed that the matrix's brittleness is reduced, similar observation was confirmed by the Brostow and coworkers empirical model. Moreover, a gradual rise in the tensile and flexural properties was also recorded. We can easily conclude from the studied parameters that the ATPC particles can be used as a sustainable agro‐waste in polymeric composites.
Biobased polymeric composites have wide applications in interior application. However, the reinforcement of feed stock materials in composites raised serious concerns due to the increasing population. Research is increasing on the use of waste bio mass as reinforcing materials. The use of alkali treated pine cone powder as reinforcing material in polybenzoxazine also showed that the composites thermomechanical and mechanical enhanced.