Mpox cases finding: Evaluation of a Primary Care detection program in the Northern Metropolitan area from Barcelona (Spain)

In July 2022, an extensive outbreak of Mpox (monkeypox) was considered by WHO as a Public Health Emergency. The objective of this study is to describe the obtained results from a Mpox case detection program in a semi-urban healthcare area where approximately 420 Primary Care physicians work. An obse...

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Published in:Atención primaria Vol. 57; no. 3; p. 103089
Main Authors: Martínez-Arias, Andrés, Valerio, Lluís, Vallès, Xavier, Díez, Sílvia Roure, Langa, Laura Soldevila, Pedregal, Èlia Fernandez, Rodríguez, Àgueda Hernàndez, Isnard-Blanchard, Mar, Simó, Josep Maria Bonet, Gil, Núria Prat, Cirera, Anna, Clotet, Bonaventura, Gené Tous, Emili
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Spain Elsevier España S.L.U 01-03-2025
Elsevier
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Summary:In July 2022, an extensive outbreak of Mpox (monkeypox) was considered by WHO as a Public Health Emergency. The objective of this study is to describe the obtained results from a Mpox case detection program in a semi-urban healthcare area where approximately 420 Primary Care physicians work. An observational prospective study performed between June 01, 2022 and December 31, 2023. The Northern Metropolitan area of Barcelona, with 1400.000hab (Catalonia, Spain). An unified Mpox management procedure was agreed, including a prior online training of Primary Care professionals, to individually assess all Mpox suspected cases from a clinical and epidemiological perspective. All patients who met clinical and/or epidemiological criteria of Mpox. Age, gender, risk classification (suspected/probable), cluster-linked (yes/no), high-risk sexual contact (yes/no), general symptoms, genital lesion and final diagnostic. A total of 68 suspected Mpox cases were included, from which 16 (26.6%) were Mpox confirmed by PCR. Up to 13 (81.2%) were male and, among them, 12 (75%) men who have sex with men (MSM). The series, however, included two minors and three women. Among MSM, 3 (18.7%) were HIV positive and 3 had no regular access to the Public Healthcare system. Among discarded patients, any infectious disease was diagnosed in 55% of cases. In spite of the short series, this Primary Care community-based study identified a sub-population group showing a different profile of Mpox cases compared to other published series (lower HIV prevalence, higher representativeness of heterosexual transmission and hard to reach population). En julio de 2022 la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) declaró una epidemia de viruela simiana (Mpox) como Emergencia de Salud Pública. El objetivo del estudio es describir los resultados obtenidos por un programa de detección de casos de Mpox en un área semirural de la zona metropolitana norte de Barcelona donde ejercen aproximadamente 420 médicos de Atención Primaria. Estudio observacional prospectivo llevado a término entre 01 junio de 2022 y 31 diciembre de 2023. Área Metropolitana Norte de Barcelona; con 1.400.000 habitantes (Cataluña, España). Todos los pacientes que reunían criterios clínicos y/o epidemiológicos de Mpox. Edad, género, nivel de riesgo (sospechoso/probable), brote epidémico (sí/no), contacto sexual de riesgo (sí/no), síntomas generales (sí/no), presencia de lesión genital (sí/no) y diagnóstico final. Un total de 68 casos sospechosos de Mpox fueron incluidos, de los que 16 (26,6%) fueron confirmados por proteína C reactiva (PCR). Eran hombres 13 (81,2%) y, de ellos, 12 (75%) eran hombres que tienen sexo con hombres (HSH). El estudio, identificó a dos menores de edad y tres mujeres. Entre los MSM, tres (18,7%) eran positivos al virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH), y tres más no disponían de cobertura sanitaria pública. De los pacientes descartados de Mpox, un 55% fueron diagnosticados de alguna enfermedad infecciosa. A pesar de lo limitado de la serie, un estudio de base comunitaria en Atención Primaria identificó un subgrupo de pacientes con un perfil diferente (menor prevalencia de VIH, presencia de casos en heterosexuales y entre población marginal) de lo publicado en otros estudios basados en centros especializados en enfermedades de transmisión sexual.
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ISSN:0212-6567
1578-1275
1578-1275
DOI:10.1016/j.aprim.2024.103089