Anatomical and Morphological Findings of the Root Canal of Maxillary Premolars and Their Prevalence: CBCT Study in a Mexican Population

• Published in: International journal of morphology Vol. 40; no. 3; pp. 573 - 578
• Main Authors: Medina-Guevara, Cinthia Araí, Oliva-Rodríguez, Ricardo, Calvillo-Martínez, David Hernando, Mariel-Cárdenas, Jairo, Muñoz-Ruiz, Abraham Israel, Gutiérrez-Cantú, Francisco Javier
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Sociedad Chilena de Anatomía 01-06-2022
• Subjects: ANATOMY & MORPHOLOGY; Anatomía; Anatomy; Root Canal System; CBCT; Canal radicular
• ISSN: 0717-9502; 0717-9502
• DOI: 10.4067/S0717-95022022000300573

An essential prerequisite to perform any dental procedure is a clear understanding and knowledge of dental anatomy and its possible variations. The root canal system is characterized for a complex morphology, which varies among populations, individuals in the same population and even in the same person. The aim of this study was to evaluate by CBCT the morphology, number, curvature, and length of roots of first and second maxillary premolars in a Mexican population. In this stud 1700 maxillary premolars were evaluated by CBCT scans of patients; the axial, sagittal and coronal sections were analyzed following the longitudinal axis of each tooth. As a result 51.60 % of the maxillary first premolars had a single root, 31.03 % had two roots, 16.29 % had root fusion, and 1.07 % had three roots. 22.3 % of the maxillary first premolars showed mesial curvature, 41.9 % had a distal curvature, and 35.7 % did not show any curvature; and the most prevalent configuration in maxillary first premolars was Type V. 88.9 % of the maxillary second premolars had a single root, 3.9 % had two roots, 6.9 % had root fusion, and 0.11 % had three roots; 37.59 % of the maxillary second premolars showed a mesial curvature and 62.40 % showed a distal curvature; and the most prevalent configuration in maxillary second premolars was Type I. The anatomy of the root canal system is extremely complex and has many anatomical configurations, these clinical situations must be considered previous to performing any endodontic treatment.