Continuous Electron Beam Post-Treatment of EBF3-Fabricated Ti–6Al–4V Parts

• Published in: Metals (Basel ) Vol. 9; no. 6; p. 699
• Main Authors: Panin, Alexey, Kazachenok, Marina, Perevalova, Olga, Martynov, Sergey, Panina, Alexandra, Sklyarova, Elena
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01-06-2019
• Subjects: Additive manufacturing; continuous electron beam post-treatment; Crack initiation; Diamond pyramid hardness; Edge dislocations; electron beam free-form fabrication; Electron beams; Electron irradiation; Energy dissipation; Grain size; Grains; Heat; Heat affected zone; Lasers; Martensite; Martensitic transformations; Mechanical properties; Microstructure; Radiation; Stress concentration; Surface finish; surface hardening; Surface layers; Tensile strength; Tension tests; Titanium alloys; Titanium base alloys; Japan; Germany
• ISSN: 2075-4701; 2075-4701
• DOI: 10.3390/met9060699

In the present study, the methods of optical, scanning electron, and transmission electron microscopy as well as X-ray diffraction analysis gained insights into the mechanisms of surface finish and microstructure formation of Ti–6Al–4V parts during an EBF3-process. It was found that the slip band propagation within the outermost surface layer provided dissipation of the stored strain energy associated with martensitic transformations. The latter caused the lath fragmentation as well as precipitation of nanosized β grains and an orthorhombic martensite α″ phase at the secondary α lath boundaries of as-built Ti–6Al–4V parts. The effect of continuous electron beam post-treatment on the surface finish, microstructure, and mechanical properties of EBF3-fabricated Ti–6Al–4V parts was revealed. The brittle outermost surface layer of the EBF3-fabricated samples was melted upon the treatment, resulting in the formation of equiaxial prior β grains of 20 to 30 μm in size with the fragmented acicular α′ phase. Electron-beam irradiation induced transformations within the 70 μm thick molten surface layer and 500 μm thick heat affected zone significantly increased the Vickers microhardness and tensile strength of the EBF3-fabricated Ti–6Al–4V samples.