Optimal Deep Learning for Robot Touch: Training Accurate Pose Models of 3D Surfaces and Edges

• Published in: IEEE robotics & automation magazine Vol. 27; no. 2; pp. 66 - 77
• Main Authors: Lepora, Nathan F., Lloyd, John
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York IEEE 01-06-2020; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: Biomedical optical imaging; Deep learning; Dependent variables; Machine learning; Optical imaging; Optical sensors; Optimization; Robotics; Robots; Surveying; Tactile sensors; Tactile sensors (robotics); Three dimensional models; Touch; Training
• ISSN: 1070-9932; 1558-223X
• DOI: 10.1109/MRA.2020.2979658

This article illustrates the application of deep learning to robot touch by considering a basic yet fundamental capability: estimating the relative pose of part of an object in contact with a tactile sensor. We begin by surveying deep learning applied to tactile robotics, focusing on optical tactile sensors, which help to link touch and deep learning for vision. We then show how deep learning can be used to train accurate pose models of 3D surfaces and edges that are insensitive to nuisance variables, such as motion-dependent shear. This involves including representative motions as unlabeled perturbations of the training data and using Bayesian optimization of the network and training hyperparameters to find the most accurate models. Accurate estimation of the pose from touch will enable robots to safely and precisely control their physical interactions, facilitating a wide range of object exploration and manipulation tasks.