Wireless Channel Characterization From 2 to 28 GHz in an Outdoor Parking Lot

• Published in: IEEE antennas and wireless propagation letters Vol. 23; no. 5; pp. 1613 - 1617
• Main Authors: Molina-Garcia-Pardo, Jose-Maria, Rubio, Lorenzo, Martinez-Ingles, Maria-Teresa, Egea-Lopez, Esteban, Mateo-Aroca, Antonio, Penarrocha, Vicent M. Rodrigo, Reig, Juan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York IEEE 01-05-2024; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: 5G mobile communication; Antenna measurements; Antenna radiation patterns; Automobiles; Channel modeling; channel sounding; Frequency measurement; line of sight (LOS); Loss measurement; millimeter wave (mmWave); Omnidirectional antennas; Parking facilities; parking lot; propagation; Wireless sensor networks
• ISSN: 1536-1225; 1548-5757
• DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2024.3363904

This letter presents wideband measurements and simulations ranging from 2 to 28 GHz conducted in a parking lot, with and without cars. The measurements have been carried out considering a transmitter placed in an elevated position, with an omnidirectional antenna. The receivers have been distributed in the parking area also using omnidirectional antennas. Furthermore, the OPAL open-source ray launching tool has been used to simulate the different propagation mechanisms. The CI, FI, CIF, and ABC propagation models have been considered, showing a consistent behavior of the propagation path loss exponent with the frequency. The results suggest that the presence of cars has a minimal impact on the path loss along all frequencies.