Elliptical Halbach magnet and gradient modules for low‐field portable magnetic resonance imaging

• Published in: NMR in biomedicine Vol. 37; no. 12; pp. e5258 - n/a
• Main Authors: Galve, Fernando, Pallás, Eduardo, Guallart‐Naval, Teresa, García‐Cristóbal, Pablo, Martínez, Pablo, Algarín, José M., Borreguero, Jose, Bosch, Rubén, Juan‐Lloris, Francisco, Benlloch, José M., Alonso, Joseba
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01-12-2024
• Subjects: Arrays; Coils; Configuration management; Cost function; Cubes; Dissipation; elliptical geometry; Evolutionary algorithms; Evolutionary computation; Field of view; Halbach magnets; Homogeneity; low‐field MRI; Magnetic resonance imaging; Maximum power; Modules; Optimization; optimization toolbox; Permanent magnets; Portability; Scanners; low‐field MRI; optimization toolbox; Halbach magnets; elliptical geometry
• ISSN: 0952-3480; 1099-1492; 1099-1492
• DOI: 10.1002/nbm.5258

This study aims to develop methods to design the complete magnetic system for a truly portable MRI scanner for neurological and musculoskeletal (MSK) applications, optimized for field homogeneity, field of view (FoV), and gradient performance compared to existing low‐weight configurations. We explore optimal elliptic‐bore Halbach configurations based on discrete arrays of permanent magnets. In this way, we seek to improve the field homogeneity and remove constraints to the extent of the gradient coils typical of Halbach magnets. Specifically, we have optimized a tightly packed distribution of magnetic Nd2Fe14B cubes with differential evolution algorithms and a second array of shimming magnets with interior point and differential evolution methods. We have also designed and constructed an elliptical set of gradient coils that extend over the whole magnet length, maximizing the distance between the lobe centers. These are optimized with a target field method minimizing a cost function that considers also heat dissipation. We have employed the new toolbox to build the main magnet and gradient modules for a portable MRI scanner designed for point‐of‐care and residential use. The elliptical Halbach bore has semi‐axes of 10 and 14& cm, and the magnet generates a field of 87& mT homogeneous down to 5700& ppm (parts per million) in a 20‐cm diameter FoV; it weighs 216& kg and has a width of 65& cm and a height of 72& cm. Gradient efficiencies go up to around 0.8& mT/m/A, for a maximum of 12& mT/m within 0.5& ms with 15& A and 15& V amplifier. The distance between lobes is 28& cm, significantly increased with respect to other Halbach‐based scanners. Heat dissipation is around 25& W at maximum power, and gradient deviations from linearity are below 20% in a 20‐cm sphere.
Elliptic‐bore Halbach magnets enhance the ergonomicity and field distribution of low‐cost portable MRI scanners, while allowing for full‐length gradient support to increase the FoV. This geometry can be potentially adapted for a prospective low‐cost whole‐body technology.
A toolbox to develop optimal elliptic‐bore Halbach magnets and gradients for easy industrializability is presented.
The toolbox is used to develop an 87‐mT magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) magnet for neurological and musculoskeletal (MSK) applications, with 216‐kg weight, 44.5‐cm length, 65‐cm width, and full length gradients with 28‐cm lobe‐to‐lobe distance.