Quantitative coronary three-dimensional geometry and its association with atherosclerotic disease burden and composition

• Published in: Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions Vol. 101; no. 6; pp. 1036 - 1044
• Main Authors: A Prado, Guy F, Blanco, Pablo J, Bulant, Carlos A, Ares, Gonzalo D, Mariani, Jr, Jose, Caixeta, Adriano, Almeida, Breno O, Garzon, Stefano, Pinton, Fábio A, Barbato, Emanuele, Ribichini, Flavio L, Toth, Gabor G, Mahfoud, Felix, Wijns, William, Garcia-Garcia, Hector M, Lemos, Pedro A
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01-05-2023
• Subjects: Angiography; Arteriosclerosis; Atherosclerosis; Cardiovascular disease; Computed tomography; Coronary Angiography - methods; Coronary artery disease; Coronary Artery Disease - pathology; Coronary Vessels - diagnostic imaging; Coronary Vessels - pathology; Geometry; Heart diseases; Humans; Medical imaging; Plaque, Atherosclerotic; Population studies; Predictive Value of Tests; Treatment Outcome; Ultrasonography, Interventional - methods; coronary artery disease; geometric risk factors; intravascular ultrasound; coronary computed tomography angiography; coronary geometry
• ISSN: 1522-1946; 1522-726X
• DOI: 10.1002/ccd.30639

Isolate features of the coronary anatomy have been associated with the pathophysiology of atherosclerotic disease. Computational methods have been described to allow precise quantification of the complex three-dimensional (3D) coronary geometry. The present study tested whether quantitative parameters that describe the spatial 3D coronary geometry is associated with the extension and composition of the underlying coronary artery disease (CAD).
Patients with CAD scheduled for percutaneous intervention were investigated with coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), and invasive coronary angiography, and virtual histology intravascular ultrasound (IVUS-VH). For all target vessels, 3D centerlines were extracted from CCTA images and processed to quantify 23 geometric indexes, grouped into 3 main categories as follows: (i) length-based; (ii) curvature-based, torsion-based, and curvature/torsion-combined; (iii) vessel path-based. The geometric variables were compared with IVUS-VH parameters assessing the extent and composition of coronary atherosclerosis.
A total of 36 coronary patients (99 vessels) comprised the study population. From the 23 geometric indexes, 18 parameters were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with at least 1 IVUS-VH parameter at a univariate analysis. All three main geometric categories provided parameters significantly related with atherosclerosis variables. The 3D geometric indexes were associated with the degree of atherosclerotic extension, as well as with plaque composition. Geometric features remained significantly associated with all IVUS-VH parameters even after multivariate adjustment for clinical characteristics.
Quantitative 3D vessel morphology emerges as a relevant factor associated with atherosclerosis in patients with established CAD.